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About Us The Numismatic Bibliomania Society is a non-profit association devoted to the study and enjoyment of numismatic literature. For more information please see our web site at coinbooks.org Subscriptions Those wishing to become new E-Sylum subscribers can go to the following web page Subscribe You may Unsubscribe Here Membership There is a membership application available on the web site Membership Application To join, print the application and return it with your check to the address printed on the application. Print/Digital membership is $40 to addresses in the U.S., and $60 elsewhere. A digital-only membership is available for $25. For those without web access, write to: Jeff Dickerson, Treasurer Numismatic Bibliomania Society P. O. Box 578, Weatherford, TX 76086 Asylum For Asylum mailing address changes and other membership questions, contact Jeff at this email address: treasurer@coinbooks.org Submissions To submit items for publication in The E-Sylum, write to the Editor at this address: whomren@gmail.com BUY THE BOOK BEFORE THE COIN Sale Calendar Watch here for updates!

 

Content presented in The E-Sylum is not necessarily researched or independently fact-checked, and views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the Numismatic Bibliomania Society.

WAYNE'S WORDS: THE E-SYLUM SEPTEMBER 14, 2025

New subscribers this week include: Charles Jonath, courtesy John Dannreuther; David Geer, courtesy Chip Howell; Jorge L. Crespo Armáiz, Will Musgrove and Shane Cheek. Welcome aboard! We now have 6,979 subscribers.

Thank you for reading The E-Sylum. If you enjoy it, please send me the email addresses of friends you think may enjoy it as well and I'll send them a subscription. Contact me at whomren@gmail.com anytime regarding your subscription, or questions, comments or suggestions about our content.

Our mailing list cleanup continues as obsolete and unwanted subscriptions drop off, but it's encouraging to see a rise in new subscriptions since we've moved to our new Mailchimp platform. I've had no issues reported to me.

This week we open with some numismatic literature in the Holabird Americana sale, three new books and one newly available one, updates from the Newman Numismatic Portal, and more.

Other topics this week include the coins of Scotland, Ireland and Canada, the encased cents of Puerto Rico, counterfeit coins, Fugio cent ephemera, the Brooklyn Bridge centennial medal, rolled gold, Fractional Currency bricks and bands, auction previews, a semi-official medal for surviving Guadalcanal, the Thayer medal, the Purple Heart, and more.

To learn more about J. S. G. Boggs, coins of China and India, canvas bank bags, a fake 1853-O No Arrows Half Dollar, an American medal picturing fireworks, a museum of Bolivian numismatics, Fulbright scholars in numismatics, colonial currency and a tricorn hat, encased postage stamps, the Edward III gold Leopard D'Or, Lahainaluna Seminary scrip, 6th Indiana Infantry Regiment sutler scrip, Felix Schlag's grave marker, Sydney Noe, Richard Doty, Steve Feller, the National Bank Fruitcake Find and the murdered numismatic book author, read on. Have a great week, everyone!

Wayne Homren
Editor, The E-Sylum

 

HOLABIRD SEPTEMBER 2025 SALE: LITERATURE

Lot 3031: J. S. G. Boggs was an artist famous for creating currency artwork, which landed him legal troubles when accused of counterfeiting. Here is an accumulation about his work: the May 1994 Numismatist with cover story by Wayne K. Homren "A Collector's Encounter with J. S. G. Boggs." A hardbound copy of "Boggs: A Comedy of Values," by Lawrence Weschler; a hardbound copy of "Shapinsky's Karma, Boggs's Bills and other True-Life Tales" by Lawrence Weschler. J. S. G. Boggs smart money (hard currency), brochure from an exhibition organized by The Tampa Museum of Art.

Provenance: Fred Weinberg Numismatic Ephemera Collection

To read the complete lot description, see:
J. S. G. Boggs Collection (Currency Artist) [195141] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/J-S-G-Boggs-Collection-Currency-Artist-195141_i57846372)

Lot 3088: Two paperback books by Holger Jorgensen: "Old Coins of China: A Guide to their Identification," undated; and "Ancient Chinese Coins" undated, each about 20 pages with illustrations.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Ancient Chinese Coin Books (2) [201035] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Ancient-Chinese-Coin-Books-2-201035_i57846429)

Lot 3451: Group of 4 reference books on modern and historical coins of India as well as other countries in the Middle East and Northern Africa, originally published 1911-1974. See photos for titles/authors. All in good condition, some with minor cosmetic wear/discoloration.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Coins of India Reference Books (4) [198578] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Coins-of-India-Reference-Books-4-198578_i57846792)

Lot 3545: Five vintage auction catalogs from Bangs, Merwin & Company of New York: two copies of the October 7, 1863 sale featuring Ancient Coins and rare American pieces (covers in fragile condition, one detached). December 28 and 29, 1863 sale featuring English gold and silver and American coins and medals; September 22, 1873, 59 pages with prices written in pencil; June 8 & 9, 1876 sale; 40 pages.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Bangs, Merwin & Co. Coin Auction Catalogs 1863-1876 (5) [196470] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Bangs-Merwin-Co-Coin-Auction-Catalogs-1863-1876-5-196470_i57846886)

Lot 3546: Paperback catalog 7 x 10 inches; 46 pages of a Bangs & Co. coin auction September 28 & 29, 1882. Nice collection of early dollars (page 7): 1795- on. Excellent offering of U. S. coins from the 1700s; colonial cents (page 21). These are the coins that are centerpieces of major collections today.

Provenance: Fred Weinberg Numismatic Ephemera Collection

To read the complete lot description, see:
Bangs & Co. Coin Catalog 1882 [196645] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Bangs-Co-Coin-Catalog-1882-196645_i57846887)

Lot 3551: Twenty one canvas bank bags, mostly all 1000 coin bags; only 4 small bags. Currency: Wells Fargo, Crocker National Bank. Coin: Bank of America; Union Bank, Cal.; U. S. Mint, Cents, 1978; U. S. Mint, Cents, Denver, 1976; Oakland Bank of Commerce; Union Bank, Oakland Commerce; United California Bank; Security Pacific National Bank; 1st National Bank of Nevada; U. S. Mint, Denver, Cents, 1977; First Western Bank; U. S. Mint Denver, Nickels, 1976.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Canvas Bank Bag Collection (21) [202430] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Canvas-Bank-Bag-Collection-21-202430_i57846892)

Lot 3724: Lot of 3 Books: Jetons, Medalets & Tokens, Vol. 1 by Michael Mitchiner (1988) - 704 pp. Catalog of post-classical coin-like objects (c.1200-1800) with descriptions and illustrations. Average condition, spine detaching from hardback. Jetons, Medalets & Tokens, Vol. 2: The Low Countries and France by Michael Mitchiner (1991) - 864 pp. Covers jetons of circa 1550 to 1914; particularly Low-Country and French. Average condition, spine detaching from hardback. Jetons, Medalets & Tokens, Vol. 3: British Isles Circa 1558 to 1830 by Michael Mitchiner (1998) - 592 pp. Excellent condition.

To read the complete lot description, see:
Mitchiner: Jetons, Medalets & Tokens, 3 Volumes [3] [198306] (https://holabirdamericana.liveauctiongroup.com/Mitchiner-Jetons-Medalets-Tokens-3-Volumes-3-198306_i57847066)

 

NEW BOOK: COINS OF SCOTLAND, IRELAND AND THE ISLANDS, 5TH ED.

Sovereign Rarities Ltd of London, UK, are pleased to announce the brand new issue of a revised edition for 2026 of the "Coins of Scotland, Ireland and the Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Man & Lundy) including Anglo-Gallic Coins" with a cover price of $65 plus postage.

This landmark release represents the companion guide-book to the 2025 "Coins of England and the United Kingdom" issued in two volumes by Sovereign Rarities earlier this year (pre-decimal $49.95 and decimal issues $39.95). The UK-based company took over these titles by purchase from Spink in 2024 and the issue of this new volume completes full circle the premier release of the three hardback volumes in the series.

This book is the fifth edition since its original inception as a standalone volume under Seaby in the early 1980s, and though it is not an annual publication, it has been in more recent decades a once in circa five-year update, which is what we at Sovereign Rarities intend to produce, depending on prevailing market conditions.

A full and thorough review of the catalogue has been carried out by the same expert panel who produced the last volume in 2020 and this new 2026-dated edition has seen many price changes and some new varieties, principally in the Scottish and Irish areas as well as some serious academic review and reordering of the Henry VI to Edward IV Irish series, making this volume a "must-have" update in these areas.

The new book is available exclusively from Sovereign Rarities in London until its public release at the annual Coinex, the UK's premier numismatic showcase to be held at the Biltmore Hotel, Grosvenor Square, London on Friday 26th and Saturday 27th September 2025.

For more information, or to order, see:
Coins of Scotland, Ireland and the Islands 2026, 5th edition (https://www.sovr.co.uk/products/coins-of-scotland-ireland-and-the-islands-2026-5th-edition-km39436)

The historic reference work for coins from Scotland, Ireland and the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Man and Lundy, as well as those from the Anglo-Gallic series is the only catalogue featuring all major coin types from the Hiberno-Scandinavian periods in Ireland and the Isle of Man, through to the final Anglo-Gallic coins seen under Henry VI, the Scottish "Pretenders" James VIII and Charles III, as well as the Irish Euro coinage seen from 2002 onwards, arranged in chronological order within the respective realms and divided, within each reign, into metals, coinages, denominations and varieties.

The catalogue includes useful information explaining numismatic terms and the process of valuing coins, as well as providing independently-agreed up-to-date values for each and every coin. Also seen are included a wealth of further reading in bibliographies for the ardent intellectual collector!

Key transitions to note in the Scottish series are the succession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of England as James I, as well as the final Act of Union between England and Scotland in 1707 under Queen Anne. The Irish series displays an early Hiberno-Scandinavian influence, and progresses through the Anglo-Irish coinage under King John through medieval history and the Tudors, the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and Confederate Catholic issues, Civil War coinage (including gunmoney coins), Bank of Ireland pieces, through to those produced under the Irish Free State and the Euros seen from 2002 onwards. The coinage of the Islands largely revolves around family names; namely the Stanleys, Murrays, and Harmans, and the Anglo-Gallic series covers the period of English influence in Normandy, Aquitaine, Poitou, Ponthieu and other parts of France between 1154-1453 under the English kings and princes of the time, including the French regal coins produced under Henry V and VI.

Hardback
224 x 146mm
1,110g
326 pages with colour illustrations throughout
ISBN 978-1-917269-04-9

NEW BOOK: THE 2026 CHARLTON COIN GUIDE

The Charlton Coin Guide returns for 2026 with more than 232 pages of information to assist you in determining the value of your coins.

The Guide, which is the oldest continuously published buying guide in Canada compromises:

• Approximately 36 pages of buying price for coins used in circulation back to 1858
• Modern collectable coins sold by the Royal Canadian Mint with valuations
• Paper money, which we use every day. All paper money listed is accompanied by buying price back to 1866
• Colonial Tokens used in Canada before Confederation in 1858
• Buying price of United States coins you may have in a dresser drawer. With the balance of pages covering the value of gold coins, the bullion value of gold and silver coins, and a small section on Military medals and awards

Weight: .25 kg

Dimensions: 21.5 × 14 × 1 cm

For more information, or to order, see:
The 2026 Charlton Coin Guide (https://www.charltonpress.com/products/the-2026-charlton-coin-guide)
The 2026 Charlton Coin Guide, 63rd Edition, M. Drake (https://coinstampsupplies.com/product/the-2026-charlton-coin-guide-63rd-edition-m-drake/)

AVAILABLE: CANADIAN NUMISMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Canadian Numismatic Bibliography is the definitive reference work for anyone collecting or researching Canadian coins, tokens, medals, or paper money. This monumental two-volume set—lavishly illustrated and meticulously annotated—spans over 1,200 large-format pages (8 1/2 x 11 inches) and represents more than twelve years of collaborative work by leading numismatic authors and researchers. Fewer than 50 sets remain from the original 2007 printing.

An essential tool for serious collectors, this bibliography covers more than four centuries of Canadian numismatic and economic history, including the French Regime, Pre-Confederation Coinage, Decimal Coinage, Patterns, Newfoundland Coinage, Banknotes, Biographies, Engravers, Trade Tokens, Medals, Collections, and much more. Each reference entry is supported by annotations and introductory essays to provide deeper context and insight.

Included is a searchable CD (produced in 2014) containing the full text—excluding images—allowing users to perform quick citation searches using Acrobat or Excel, significantly enhancing the book's usability beyond the printed index.

Please note: This title is sold at no commission by CoinStampSupplies.com to support the J. Douglas Ferguson Historical Research Foundation. As such, membership discounts do not apply.

Shipping is free, and orders will be fulfilled directly from the Foundation's publisher office in British Columbia. If your order includes additional items, they will be shipped separately by CoinStampSupplies.com.

Limited sets remain of the original 300 published —don't miss this essential addition to any collector's library.

Specifications:

• Format: Two-volume hardcover set
• Pages: 1,200+
• Size: 8½ x 11 inches
• Shipping weight: 4.5 kg (approx. 10 lbs)
• Includes searchable CD (text only)
• Limited availability: Fewer than 50 sets remain from the original print run of 300

The Canadian Numismatic Bibliography is widely regarded as the ultimate reference for collectors and researchers of Canadian numismatic material. Don't miss your chance to own this landmark publication.

For more information, or to order, see:
Canadian Numismatic Bibliography – 2-Volume Set with Searchable CD (https://coinstampsupplies.com/product/canadian-numismatic-bibliography-2-volume-set-with-searchable-cd/)

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
CANADIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY PRE-PUBLICATION ORDERS (https://coinbooks.org/esylum_v06n24a04.html)
CANADIAN NUMISMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHY DELIVERED TO SUBSCRIBER (https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v10n45a06.html)
CANADIAN NUMISMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (https://coinbooks.org/esylum_v10n46a08.html)

NEW BOOK: ENCASED CENTS OF PUERTO RICO, 2ND ED.

This catalog is focused on providing an overview and a comprehensive listing of the known or reported "encased" cents or coins directly related to Puerto Rican merchants, establishments, products, or special events. It is an update of the first work we published exactly ten (10) years ago, at that time the first attempt to catalog these interesting and rare pieces of our local exonumia.

The term "exonumia" is relatively new. It is derived from the classical roots exo, (out of) in Greek, and nummus, meaning "coin" in Latin, thus, pieces or collecting material that are "outside of the category of coins or legal currency". According to the Token and Medal Society (TAMS), exonumia was defined by TAMS founding member and foremost authority in the field of token collecting, Russell Rulau, in 1960. By 1962 the term, along with the name exonumist, was adopted by TAMS, and by 1965 it was admitted in the Webster's Dictionary.2 In general, exonumia refers to collectible items that, although they may have some face value, are mostly private issues, not official or legal currency, nor authorized by any government, as coins and paper money. Under this broad definition, exonumia groups a wide and varied range of collecting fields: tokens (civil war, merchant, plantation, transportation, military, scrip, other), medals, casino chips, altered coins (love tokens, Hobo Nickels, elongated coins, encased coins), counterstamped coins, game counters, dog tags, and many others.

As shown, encased cents fall under the exonumia category of "altered coins", since in their fabrication the cent or coin is forced and pressured into a metal ring, thus distorting it to some extent. There are hundreds if not thousands of encased coins issued in the United States since their introduction in the fairs and expositions at the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. On the other hand, vintage Puerto Rican encased cents are very rare. In this work we list some 30 pieces, including a few varieties, but excluding modern, common issues (modern era encased coins are covered in a separate section at the end of this catalog).

Our interest in Puerto Rican encased cents began in 2009, when we acquired three specimens from the ex-Efraín Archilla collection (PORTO RICO COFFEE PLEASES; FERIA INSULAR and HOTEL NORMANDIE). The almost total absence of information on these pieces was good motivation for publishing three articles on the subject, which in turn were the basis upon which our first catalog was prepared and published in 2015. In 2022 we had the opportunity to publish the first English article about Puerto Rican encased cents in the specialized and renowned TAMS Journal, aiming to reach a wider audience and to introduce our encased coins to a wider range of collectors in the mainland.

We hope this updated, English version of our catalog will be useful for all collectors interested in this fascinating specialized field of Puerto Rican numismatics.

Publication Date: Jul 4, 2025
Language: English
ISBN: 9781257977390
Pages: 92
Binding Type: Paperback Perfect Bound
Interior Color: Color
Dimensions: US Letter (8.5 x 11 in / 216 x 279 mm)
Price: $35

For more information, or to order, see:
General Catalog of Puerto Rico Encased Cents SECOND EDITION (https://www.lulu.com/shop/jorge-l-crespo-arm%C3%A1iz/general-catalog-of-puerto-rico-encased-cents-second-edition/paperback/product-gjy5r96.html)

1853-O NO ARROWS HALF DOLLAR AUTHENTICATION

1853-O No Arrows Half Dollar Authentication

The 1853-O No Arrows half dollar is a well-known rarity in the U.S. series, with four pieces known. The highest graded coin, at VF35, resided for many years in the Eliasberg collection and is currently owned by Dell Loy Hansen. The second highest graded piece, VG8, was discovered in recent years. A Newman Portal user recently forwarded for authentication images of a low-grade example. A check of the Bill Bugert reference on Liberty Seated half dollar varieties quickly betrayed this piece, as the mintmark is punched too high as compared to a genuine example. In this case, an 1858-O piece was likely altered to appear as an 1853.

[First three images are NNP user's coin, fourth image is a genuine reverse as imaged by Heritage.]

Link to Bill Bugert publications on Newman Portal:
https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/booksbyauthor/361

VIDEO: MODERN CHINESE COUNTERFEIT PANDEMIC

Dr. Dubay has traveled to China and seen and met the Chinese counterfeiters who are flooding the world market with numismatic reproductions. He shows examples of four levels of product they are creating from crude, easy to determine up to those that are incredibly convincing. At the end of his discussion he gives five 1879-CC Morgan dollars to the audience of twenty plus people to see who can determine the single authentic coin in the group. Almost no one can tell. This is a video that must be seen.

Speaker(s): Dr. Gregory Dubay, September 26, 2009.

To watch the complete video, see:
Modern Chinese Counterfeit Pandemic (https://youtu.be/g1dKxUSNGXQ)
Modern Chinese Counterfeit Pandemic (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/560425)

BANK OF NEW YORK FUGIO EPHEMERA

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
LUCITE-ENCASED BANK OF NEW YORK FUGIO CENT HOARD PIECE (https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v11n26a17.html)
BANK OF NEW YORK FUGIO CENT IN LUCITE (https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n48a26.html)
BANK OF NEW YORK FUGIO CENTS IN LUCITE (https://www.coinbooks.org/v23/esylum_v23n07a16.html)
MORE ON THE FUGIO CENTS IN LUCITE (https://www.coinbooks.org/v23/esylum_v23n08a14.html)

BROOKLYN BRIDGE CENTENNIAL MEDAL

Referencing a question from Len Augsburger, Scott Miller writes:

Here is a link to an illustration of the event:
Bird's-Eye View of the Great New York and Brooklyn Bridge, and Grand Display of Fireworks on Opening Night...May 24, 1883 (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/341751)

Here is a link to the Brooklyn Bridge Centennial medal issued in 1983; the reverse depicts an image of the Bridge on opening day with fireworks below.

To read the complete article, see:
NUMISMATICS; MEDAL MARKS BROOKLYN BRIDGE CENTENNIAL (https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/24/arts/numismatics-medal-marks-brooklyn-bridge-centennial.html)

To read the complete item descriptions, see:
Brooklyn Bridge Centennial Medal (https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/objects/5007)
Brooklyn Bridge Centennial Medal (https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/brooklyn-bridge-centennial-medal-unknown/3QGvdAJxYKOdjw?hl=en)

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
AN AMERICAN MEDAL DEPICTING FIREWORKS? (https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n27a07.html)

NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: SEPTEMBER 14, 2025

Countries With an X In Their Name

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
ABOUT THIS ISSUE: SEPTEMBER 7, 2025 (https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n36a26.html)

Saxton's 1839 Photo From the U.S. Mint
Nick Graver writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
SAXTON'S 1839 PHOTO FROM THE U.S. MINT (https://www.coinbooks.org/v26/esylum_v26n45a22.html)

Snowden, Lindeman, and Edgar Adams

It's great to hear that work continues to unravel the mystery of the 1804 Dollars. I don't think Mr. Sholley or Mr. Dannreuther has read my article in the recent ANS Magazine regarding the 1910 pattern plot: "Of Patterns, Plots and the Most Singular Lot?" The coins given to Woodin came from the Mint, rather than from Col. Snowden. That conclusion came from documents from A. Piatt Andrews' estate found in 2022 in Stanford's Hoover Institute & Library, as well as auction records research.

I believe that the book 'The Fantastic 1804 Dollar' states that the Class II & III 1804 Dollars were struck at an earlier time and then the edge lettering was applied later to the Class III dollars, causing them to become cupped. (Is the Stack specimen cupped?) It's very possible that Lindeman promoted re-striking of those dollars, which were hidden away and later completed. The dies were destroyed by Snowden, with Lindeman's approval, in 1869. I suppose it's possible one or more Class III dollars were struck at that time and would not be cupped? In the event they were struck earlier, the later completion would also have involved Snowden. The two were very much linked and after 1866 Snowden ran the show in the Mint coining room, where patterns and restrikes were concerned. Record numbers of pattern pieces and many restrikes were struck between 1869 and 1872, when Lindeman was absent. All that's necessary for Mr. Adams to be the source of the Stack dollar was that Snowden possessed an 1804 Dollar, which did not appear after 1910.

Below is an excerpt concerning Edgar H. Adams from Q. David Bowers' A. N. A. Centennial History, Vol. 1, page 256;

Also, a correction; more that 15,000 pattern coins were produced from 1,100 patterns by Snowden between 1868 and 1885, rather than 20,000 (the estimated total number form more than 1,700 total patterns). I can produce the accounting documentation for this, if interested.

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
MORE ON THE 16TH 1804 DOLLAR PROVENANCE (https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n36a12.html)

Ryan Kordziel: 3rd Place Numismatic Literature Exhibit
Kerry Wetterstrom writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
2025 ANA NUMISMATIC LITERATURE EXHIBIT AWARDS (https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n36a02.html)

The Collector is Never Satisfied
Mike Costanzo passed along this quote:

Mike adds:

 

BOLIVIAN MONEY MUSEUM

To mark Bolivia's bicentennial, a family in Cochabamba has opened a door onto 8,000 years of value—stones, salt, coca leaves, silver reales, banknotes swollen by hyperinflation, even tokens for bitcoin. For collector Víctor Borda, money is no longer just an artifact. In his hands, it has become a memory Bolivians can touch.

A childhood hobby becomes a bicentennial museum.

Inside a bright hall in Cochabamba, coins gleam in ordered runs of copper and silver while banknotes fan out like pressed flowers. Together, they comprise the Borda-Luna collection, nearly 3,000 pieces that trace humanity's attempt to measure worth—from primitive exchange objects to digital-age medallions.

Its architect, 74-year-old Borda, began the hunt with a child's curiosity. "I started collecting at age 10 or 11; it was a wholesome pastime, and here I am," he told EFE, smiling at how a boy's diversion turned into a lifelong pursuit.

The obsession deepened between 2004 and 2009, when Borda lived in the United States and gained access to pieces so rare he once flirted with chasing a Guinness World Record. Family duty brought him home, but it also gave the collection its true purpose. Together with his wife, Sara Luna, he cataloged every piece—first by hand, then on a typewriter, later on a computer—so that, as he put it to EFE, "my people can see the world without paying a cent." In a country where most citizens may never travel beyond the Andes, the museum offers a passport stamped in silver, paper, and polymer.

From stones and salt to silver and satoshis

The exhibition's story begins far before the minting of coins. More than 8,000 years ago, nomadic communities traded what they could carry: polished stones, the glint of salt, the iron "kisi penny" from West Africa—shaped for strength and longevity. In the Andes, the twist was unmistakably local. "Even coca leaves served as primitive money—one handful was a day's wage in the Inca era," Borda explained to EFE.

The next rooms unfurl into Bolivia's own deep monetary past. Colonial silver reales from the Casa de la Moneda in Potosí anchor the section: some precisely struck, others crude "cobs" hammered quickly to satisfy the world's insatiable appetite for silver. Nearby cases capture the tokens of daily life—telephone chips, casino markers, foosball slugs—small things that once opened doors, bought time, or granted a game.

And then, with a wink, the present arrives. Borda has assembled physical commemoratives of virtual currencies: bitcoin medallions that cannot buy bread but allow visitors to imagine the intangible flows reshaping the financial world. Across the room, Bolivia's newest commemorative banknote, designed for the bicentennial, sparkles with security threads and patriotic pride.

Faces, crises, and the power of paper

Paper money carries not just value but people. And this museum insists on asking who is missing as much as who is present. "We must give women their space; the vast majority of coins and bills have featured men," Borda told EFE. A dedicated case honors women who did make it into circulation: Eva Perón, Colombia's anthropologist Virginia Gutiérrez, Britain's Jane Austen, and Peru's singer Chabuca Granda. Their portraits, displayed together, remind visitors that recognition in currency is recognition in history.

Another display throbs with the adrenaline of collapse. Bolivia's own hyperinflation of the 1980s—soaring past 4,000%—fills a row with dizzying denominations bearing the images of Juana Azurduy and Eduardo Abaroa. But the lesson is global: notes from Zimbabwe and the former Yugoslavia trail strings of zeros that blur into absurdity. To hold such paper is to feel power evaporate between your fingers.

To read the complete article, see:
A Lifetime of Money Becomes a Museum for the Bolivian People (https://latinamericanpost.com/life/a-lifetime-of-money-becomes-a-museum-for-the-bolivian-people/)

VOCABULARY TERM: ROLLED GOLD

Rolled Gold. A kind of gold filled – clad gold to a base metal, then rolled to required thickness – but of a gold content less than 1/20th total weight. There is more gold on a rolled gold object than one that is goldplated, even heavy coldplate but less than one that is gold filled. Rolled gold is abbreviated R.G.P. This is usually edgelettered on a medallic item.

History of rolled gold. The first use of rolled gold was in 1789 when newly-hired Jean-Pierre Droz used Barton's metal to strike the George III Recovery Medal in 1789 (Brown 311) at Matthew Boulton's factory. Barton's metal was formed by rolling strips of silver or gold on a copper core, with adhesion much like that used for sheffield plate. Perhaps both Boulton and Droz were experimenting with new metal compositions as well as building minting equipment prior to the establishment of the Soho Mint a year later.

To read the complete entry on the Newman Numismatic Portal, see:
Rolled Gold (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/dictionarydetail/516670)

GEORGE FREDERICK GOULD (1912-1991)

How many American numismatic book authors were the victim of murder? I am aware of one, George Frederick Gould. He was the author of Merchant Tokens of Montana 1889-1939. It was published in 1978 with a plastic comb binding and 170 pages.

The Lewis County (WA) Sheriff responded to a call on November 6, 1991. George F. Gould, 78, of Curtis, Washington, was found dead in his Chevrolet Suburban on International Paper Co. Road a quarter mile east of Wildwood, Washington. The car was found stalled up against an embankment.

An autopsy was performed and found that Gould had died from blows to the head. The Sheriff called the death suspicious.

On April 14, 1993, George H. Gould, age 46, the son of the victim, was taken into custody and charged with first degree murder. The sheriff believed that the death occurred a few days before the body was found. They believe they have the murder weapon.

Usually when I find a newspaper story indicating an arrest, it is followed by stories of a trial and conviction or acquittal. I could not find any follow-up article.

George F. Gould was born in Bristol, Connecticut, on September 9, 1912. He was the son of Walter John Gould (1865-1937) and Jane Innocent Gould (1867-1951). Walter was a tool maker.

George F. Gould is a relatively common name. There are many newspaper articles and public records that cannot be confirmed to be about the author.

In 1940, George was single and still living in Bristol, Connecticut, and worked in the mill department for Wallace Barnes Corp.

George was married to Ann with a son, George H. Gould and a daughter Sharon A. Gould.

By 1950 he was living in Clackamas, Oregon, with Ann and George. At one time he lived in Butte, Montana. After that he had a series of moves. In 1966 he advertised from P. O. Box 1208 in Hollywood, California. In 1968 to 1971 he advertised from P. O. Box 1432 in Everett, Washington. In 1977-1982 he advertised from P. O. Box 9552 in Seattle, Washington. In 1983- 1991, he lived in Curtis, Washington.

George F. Gould was not a member of the American Numismatic Association. He was probably a member of the American Vecturist Association. There was also another George Gould who was a member. In the 1970's, George was an active member of the Token and Medal Society (TAMS). In 1970, he was involved with the formation of the Merchant Token Collectors Association.

There are huge gaps in this story I was unable to fill. Perhaps some reader of The E-Sylum can help fill those gaps.

 

FULBRIGHT SCHOLARS IN NUMISMATICS

Many years ago, during my graduate studies, I was fortunate to receive a Fulbright-Hays Award for a summer Arabic language program in Jordan. Out of curiosity, I recently conducted a search on the Newman Numismatic Portal (NNP) and other sources for names of numismatists who also won Fulbright Awards. Here are a number that I came across, starting with the earliest Fulbright scholar I could find.

1. Charles A. Hersh (England 1950)
2. Sydney P. Noe (Greece 1952-1953)
3. Theodore V. Buttrey (Italy 1953; Denmark 1985)
4. Richard G. Doty (Spain 1964)
5. Peter P. Gaspar (Portugal 1973)
6. Steve Feller (England 1996)
7. Madisen Caster (England 2020)

The Fulbright Program was created in 1946. It was founded through the legislative efforts of J. William Fulbright, U.S. Senator from Arkansas, who wanted Congress to establish an international exchange program to promote cultural understanding, friendship and peace between nations. This program is administered by the U.S. Department of State. In 1961, President Kennedy signed the Fulbright-Hays Act, to reauthorize and strengthen the Fulbright Program. This Act also created Fulbright-Hays Awards, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education. (www.fulbrightprogram.org/about/timeline/).

Today, there are over 400,000 Fulbright alums in more than 160 countries. (www.fulbright.org/about/). After doing more research on the Numismatic Bibliomania Society (NBS) website, the NNP, Fulbright websites, and other sources, I came across a few highlights that intrigued me the most about each figure.

Charles Hersh – raised in Union County, New Jersey (not too far from my current neck of the woods!) – graduated Phi Beta Kappa with honors from Amherst College in 1946, earning his degree in history. He enrolled at Harvard Law School that fall but, after deciding that that course of study was not for him, switched to history and graduated with an M.A. in 1948. A Fulbright Scholarship gave him the opportunity to return to the UK, where he had served during World War II. He arrived aboard the Queen Mary in January 1950 and spent the next three and a half years at the British Museum in London, where he studied the Museum's coin collection. Hersh went on to publish widely in numismatic journals. A specialist in the coinages of the Macedonian kings and of the Roman republic, he also assisted students with projects on Roman and Greek coins during ANS summer seminars. ("Charles Hersh, Dead at 75," ANS Newsletter, Winter 1999, p. 13.).

 

Sydney Noe earned an M.A. from Rutgers University in 1913. While working part-time in the school's library, Noe classified a gift collection of coins. His fascination with numismatics was ignited! (numismatics.org). He was a librarian at the American Numismatic Society (ANS) from 1915 to 1938. Sydney also served as the ANS Secretary from 1917 to 1947, editor for the ANS from 1921 to 1945, and Chief Curator of the ANS from 1947 to 1953. As a Fulbright research fellow in the early 1950s, he studied ancient coinage at the Athenian Agora excavations in Greece. (Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, "Fulbrighting in Post-WWII Greece (1952-1953), November 2, 2017 (nataliavogeikoff.com); see also "Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 1953," www.ascsa.edu.gr). As you might imagine from the above, he was an expert on ancient Greek coins; however, he also had expertise in colonial coins. ("Sydney P. Noe Dies; Authority on Coins," The New York Times, June 5, 1969). The author of works on Greek coin hoards and several important books on colonial numismatics, Noe received the Huntington Medal Award from the ANS in 1937. (NNP). In 1965, the ANS Council awarded Noe with a gold medal to honor his 50 years of service to the Society. (numismatics.org).

Peter Gaspar became the first subscriber to The E-Sylum in September 1998! As the years went by, he contributed numerous articles and comments to E-Sylum issues. Having earned his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1961, Gaspar taught chemistry on a Fulbright teaching fellowship in Lisbon in 1973. He served as a professor and, subsequently, professor emeritus of chemistry at Washington University in St. Louis. As a numismatist, he was passionate about early English coinage, the minting process and metallurgy. He served on the board of the ANS and made significant contributions to numismatic literature. In 1980, he won an American Numismatic Association (ANA) Heath Literary Award. ("Book Content: Peter Gaspar," The E-Sylum, Volume 22, Number 33, August 20, 2019).

Richard Doty earned his Ph.D. in Latin-American Studies from the University of Southern California in 1968. His Fulbright fellowship took him to the University of Madrid in 1964. (Steve Roach, "Smithsonian curator Richard G. Doty dies," Coin World, June 9, 2013). Doty served as curator of Modern Coins and Currency at the ANS from 1974 to 1986, then became curator of the National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, a post which he held until his passing in 2013. Doty authored fourteen important numismatic books. (www.numismaticmall.com). In 2011, he won the Huntington Medal Award for Excellence in Numismatic Scholarship from the ANS. (www.coinworld.com).

 

Theodore Buttrey earned his Ph.D. degree from Princeton University in 1953 followed by a Fulbright in Rome. Years later, he became a visiting Fulbright professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1985. In the interim, he served as curator of the Yale University Numismatic Collection from 1957 to 1964, and from 1964 to 1985 as a professor of Greek and Latin at the University of Michigan. Following his Fulbright experience in Denmark, he worked as Keeper of Coins and Medals at the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge, from 1988 to 1991. Over his lifetime, Buttrey received medals from the American, Royal, Austrian and Norwegian numismatic societies. ("Ted Buttrey Obituary (1929-2018) – Austin, TX – Ann Arbor News) (obits.mlive.com).

 

Steve Feller, a professor of physics at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, earned his Ph.D. at Brown University in 1979. In a recent email exchange with me, he explained that in 1996, he had a seven-month Fulbright at Reading University and the Rutherford-Appleton laboratory in the UK. There, Feller studied the physics of glass with Dr. Adrian Wright using neutron scattering. He also gave several talks to numismatic and civil groups, including the Reading Coin Club and the Young at Hearts in Reading. At the time, Steve served as editor of the International Bank Note Society Journal, and his stint abroad enabled him to speak at IBNS gatherings in London and Nottingham. In our email exchange, Steve described visiting great dealers and shops in the UK, including Colin and Simon Narbeth in London, Claire and Richard Lobel at Coincraft in London, Pam West in Wimbleton, the coin shop in Reading, and more. In addition, he went to the Bank of England Museum on Threadneedle Street in London. (Email from Steve Feller, August 15, 2025). Outside of his academic field, Feller has published several books and over 100 articles pertaining to the history of money. (www.coe.edu).

Madisen Caster graduated with a B.A. in history from the University of North Texas (UNT) in 2018. Two years later, she received a Fulbright award to complete her Masters in Museum Studies at the University of Leicester, England. Her M.A. thesis focused on collection management and museum accessibility. Today, Caster works as an Ancient Numismatics Specialist with Heritage Auctions. In a recent email exchange, she shared with me that her studies in the UK provided her with foundational understandings that assist with her work in numismatics. She also wrote that each day at Heritage, she learns more about ancient history, handles artifacts, and interacts with colleagues and clients from all over the globe! She went on to note the networking opportunities that her Fulbright award has provided, including through the US-UK Fulbright Commission's alumni activities. In that respect, too, her numismatic interests and Fulbright experience have dovetailed, as she has taken part in UNT panels for Fulbright applicants and connected with professors and local alumni about chances to discuss ancient coins outside the Fulbright context. (Emails from Madisen Caster, August 19, 25 & 26, 2025).

As for me, I was shocked when informed that I had won the J. Jeffrey Semaan Arabic Prize at McGill University (Montreal) in 1992! Three years later (and still hard at work on my Arabic), I received a Fulbright-Hays Group Study Abroad Award for the University of Virginia-Yarmouk University Summer Arabic Program in Irbid, Jordan. Initially, I was listed as an alternate for a Fulbright. I received a phone call at 4:50 p.m., on the last day of eligibility with a 5:00 pm. deadline, telling me that another person had dropped out and that I could attend the program. I was so excited! After a fascinating summer overseas, I went on to earn my Ph.D. at McGill in 2000 and, between 1999 and 2019, I was a professor teaching courses on Islamic Studies and world religions. A highlight of my teaching career came in 2007 to 2008, when I served as visiting assistant professor of Islamic Studies at College of the Holy Cross, in Worcester, Massachusetts.

In hindsight, I realize that the Fulbright experience in Jordan (and, for that matter, my five-year study of Arabic on the whole), taught me perseverance and patience, which have proven invaluable in my numismatic pursuits. In particular, these traits conditioned me for the ups and downs of searching for coins that strike me as "just right" – for example, choice early American coppers and Conder tokens for my collection. They also came in handy when I was a coin club officer! Conducting research on the figures described above gave me a greater appreciation for their wide range of numismatic and Fulbright experiences. I hope that you have enjoyed learning about them as much as I did.

Note: This article is not meant to provide a complete list of individuals who are both Fulbright recipients and numismatists. Other Fulbrighters, not discussed here, also have numismatic connections.

Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Sue Zwicker, SLA Science Librarian at the Smithsonian, Katrina Brown, Head Librarian for the National Museum of American History Library at the Smithsonian, and Deborah Shapiro, Archivist (Reference) at the Smithsonian Institution Archives, for helping me search for the year Richard Doty had his Fulbright fellowship in Spain. This mystery was solved by David Hill, the Francis D. Campbell Librarian at the ANS! Hill also provided background information about Charles Hersh. Len Augsburger confirmed details about Peter Gaspar's Fulbright in Portugal. Thanks to Wayne Homren, who suggested that I write an article on this topic. Finally, I am grateful to Beth Christie Burke for her assistance with this article.

HERITAGE: U.S. COLONIAL CURRENCY SHOWCASE

Vermont February 1781 2s 6d PMG Very Fine 20 Net. All Vermont notes are very rare and most known examples are in extremely low grade. The majority of the known examples have been pieced together from several different notes, often of different denominations. They were printed on thin, weak paper that quickly disintegrated in circulation. Their scarcity is due to the fact that only a single issue was emitted, and that issue, authorized in February 1781, had its legal tender status revoked after a little more than a year in circulation. While this offering has been severed and reattached and repaired, it retains a very attractive appearance with boldly printed details on both face and back along with legible signatures. It is a more than acceptable example of a very rare Vermont note.

To read the complete item description, see:
Vermont February 1781 2s 6d PMG Very Fine 20 Net. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/colonial-notes/vermont/vermont-february-1781-2s-6d-pmg-very-fine-20-net/a/62410-94405.s)

Georgia June 8, 1777 $5 PMG Extremely Fine 40. This is one of the nicest examples we have ever offered of this issue. In fact, PMG has graded just two pieces finer than this lightly circulated and problem free Georgia note that also bears low serial number 78. The Rattlesnake seal is boldly inked and the signatures are dark, as is the serial number.

To read the complete item description, see:
Georgia June 8, 1777 $5 PMG Extremely Fine 40. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/colonial-notes/georgia/georgia-june-8-1777-5-pmg-extremely-fine-40/a/62410-94153.s)

Rhode Island March 18, 1776 5s PCGS Banknote Very Fine 25 Details. Just 3,000 5s notes were authorized as part of this £20,000 emission made under the Act of March 18, 1776. The note has clear design features including the signature of William Ellery, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. While a bit faded, his signature is quite legible and unaffected by the small edge tears and splits mentioned by PCGS Banknote. This note has a great pedigree, having once been part of both the Ford and Boyd collections and is excessively rare, with or without Ellery's signature. The only other example we have ever been able to offer was a battered example, without Ellery's signature. Several other examples offered in recent years with Ellery's signature have signatures so faint that they require UV illumination to be seen.

To read the complete item description, see:
Rhode Island March 18, 1776 5s PCGS Banknote Very Fine 25 Details. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/colonial-notes/rhode-island/rhode-island-march-18-1776-5s-pcgs-banknote-very-fine-25-details/a/62410-94357.s)

New Jersey June 9, 1780 $4 PCGS Banknote Gem Unc 65 PPQ. A gorgeous example of this scarce New Jersey note, this is the finest graded by either of the major services, with PMG not having graded a note above the 58 level. The "old" PCGS had graded a 64PPQ note, but that piece has not appeared on the market since we auctioned it for $2,760 in 2009. One of only 12,000 printed, this example was signed by D. Brearley, who was a signer of the U.S. Constitution. The guaranty was signed by Jos. Borden - the namesake of Bordentown, New Jersey.

To read the complete item description, see:
New Jersey June 9, 1780 $4 PCGS Banknote Gem Unc 65 PPQ. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/colonial-notes/new-jersey/new-jersey-june-9-1780-4-pcgs-banknote-gem-unc-65-ppq/a/62410-94232.s)

New York March 5, 1776 (Water Works) 8s PCGS Banknote Superb Gem Unc 67 PPQ. This unusual note, part of the Fourth Water Works Issue, is printed on two different types of paper bonded together. The face, printed in red and black, is sharply printed with excellent margins and legible signatures of Andrew Gautier and Abraham Brasher. The back, printed on dark brown paper has a detailed view of of the proposed steam operated water pump by Christopher Colles. The Revolutionary War stopped the completion of the water system envisioned for the city. This note, were it to receive the same grade from PMG, would be alone in the "top pop" position. This note recently sold for $2,400 in February 2024 and we anticipate that level to be tested or bested tonight.

To read the complete item description, see:
New York March 5, 1776 (Water Works) 8s PCGS Banknote Superb Gem Unc 67 PPQ. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/colonial-notes/new-york/new-york-march-5-1776-water-works-8s-pcgs-banknote-superb-gem-unc-67-ppq/a/62410-94250.s)

New Hampshire November 3, 1775 40s PMG About Uncirculated 55. The strong signatures of Gillman and Hobart and a bold serial number are noted on this bright and attractive New Hampshire colonial. PMG has not graded an example of this number above the 55 level.

To read the complete item description, see:
New Hampshire November 3, 1775 40s PMG About Uncirculated 55. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/colonial-notes/new-hampshire/new-hampshire-november-3-1775-40s-pmg-about-uncirculated-55/a/62410-94192.s)

 

ORIGINAL FRACTIONAL CURRENCY BRICKS

Shane Cheek writes:

Fr. 1266 10¢ Fifth Issue Original Pack of 100
William Meredith, who served as the 19th United States Secretary of the Treasury, can be found on the front of the Fifth Issue 10¢ Fractionals that make up this original pack of 100 examples. Out of the twelve total packs and bundles that made up The National Bank Fruitcake Find, only two Full Packs of 100 Fr. 1266 Fractionals were included. Both of those examples graded Choice Unc 64 PPQ by PCGS Banknote, and are being offered tonight. The 10¢ notes included in this pack are all Uncirculated, which should come as no surprise, as they sat in safe deposit boxes for over a century. Now, for the first time ever, collectors have an opportunity to acquire a true Fractional Currency trophy which would become an instant centerpiece and head-turner in any advanced collection. (Total: 100 notes)
From The National Bank Fruitcake Find

To read the complete lot description, see:
Fr. 1266 10¢ Fifth Issue Original Pack of 100 - Full Pack PCGS Banknote Choice Unc 64 PPQ. William Meredith, who.. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/fractional-currency/fifth-issue/fr-1266-10-fifth-issue-original-pack-of-100-full-pack-pcgs-banknote-choice-unc-64-ppq-total-100-notes-/p/3599-175002.s)

Fr. 1309 25¢ Fifth Issue Original Pack of 40

To read the complete lot description, see:
Fr. 1309 25¢ Fifth Issue Original Pack of 40 - Full Pack PCGS Banknote Gem Unc 65 PPQ. Fully Gem and very well-d... (https://currency.ha.com/itm/fractional-currency/fifth-issue/fr-1309-25-fifth-issue-original-pack-of-40-full-pack-pcgs-banknote-gem-unc-65-ppq-total-40-notes-/p/3599-175005.s)

Fr. 1309 25¢ Fifth Issue Original Bundle of 200
A second original bundle of 200 from The National Bank Fruitcake Find. The reason behind the name of this find is that these Fractional notes were stored in a Benson's Sliced Old Home Fruit Cake of Athens, Georgia box within the bank's vault. Benson's Bakery was founded in 1918 and added a fruitcake line in the early 1950s. A bank employee must have decided that the Benson's box would make an excellent storage container for the bank's Fractional holdings. The Fr. 1309 bundle in this lot is much like the others in this historical find. It has a correct Fractional 50 Dollars band of the period, the ends of the band have been joined under the bottom edges of the notes with two bank pins, the same two names of possible tellers have been penciled on the band, and the band shows a little splitting, but remains in nice condition for being 150 years old. The first note has plate letter H, but all of the other 199 notes are either plate letter "B" or "I." Several of the notes also have wrinkles from the drying process. We would like to point out that not a single Walker in this bundle has a needle hole. Also, all of the notes in this original bundle are of the same size. (Total: 200 notes)
From The National Bank Fruitcake Find

To read the complete lot description, see:
Fr. 1309 25¢ Fifth Issue Original Bundle of 200 Choice About New. A second original bundle of 200 from The Natio. (https://currency.ha.com/itm/fractional-currency/fifth-issue/fr-1309-25-fifth-issue-original-bundle-of-200-choice-about-new-total-200-notes-/p/3599-175011.s)

Fr. 1381 50¢ Fifth Issue Original Bundle of 200 - 10 Full Packs Choice About New.
A $100 band holds ten full packs of 20 50¢ notes with each having a thin "Ten Dollar" band. We noticed only one "Ten Dollar" band that has split open, while the $100 band has been pinned together many times at bottom and has retained only a solitary bank pin. The $100 band in this lot has pencil writing on it like the other examples from this consignment. A few of the packs of 20 notes are held by the $100 band in an upside down position. Our examination did not find any needle holes in the notes.

This lot contains not only the original bundle of 200, but also the Benson's Sliced Old Home Fruit Cake of Athens, Georgia box that held the Fractional notes within the bank's vault. It was once sealed with a sticker that has a penned date of "1/20/ (19)78." There are also parts of another label that is damaged and reads in part. "(Co)mptroller Currency / Uni(ted States Tre)asury. This box once held one of the most interesting Fractional finds. (Total: 200 notes)
From The National Bank Fruitcake Find

To read the complete lot description, see:
Fr. 1381 50¢ Fifth Issue Original Bundle of 200 - 10 Full Packs Choice About New. A $100 band holds ten full pac... (https://currency.ha.com/itm/fractional-currency/fifth-issue/fr-1381-50-fifth-issue-original-bundle-of-200-10-full-packs-choice-about-new-total-200-notes-/p/3599-175009.s)

To see the complete collection, see:
https://currency.ha.com/c/search/results.zx?dept=2021&mode=live&auction_name=3599&featured_collection=3803

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
ORIGINAL BANDED FRACTIONAL PACKS (https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v18n42a18.html)

EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY SEPTEMBER 2025 SALE

Early American History Auctions lives up to its namesake once again with an offering of 216 lots, including numerous important and unique items. This auction is presented online only on its website and through the Invaluable auction platform. The array covers multiple collecting fields, including historic autographs, engravings, documents, US Navy, Colonial and Revolutionary War documents, Continental and Colonial currency, George Washington, Federal period, Abraham Lincoln and Civil War encased postage stamps and artifacts, Black history, historic maps, plus political and decorative Americana. Absentee bidding has already opened, with the sale closing on September 20 at noon.

The sale begins by offering many historic, autographed lots. The first lot across the block is a unique Benedict Arnold (1741-1801) 1772 fourpage autographed document, signed nine times within the body of the text, as either "Benedict Arnold," or "Arnold," this likely being Benedict Arnold's own original retained copy of a land transaction, written at New Haven, Conn. ($8/10,000).

There's a special June 17, 1776, dated early Revolutionary War John Bradford signed, Boston, letter reporting Continental Navy successes, mailed to John Hancock as the president of the Continental Congress, regarding five American privateers engaging British naval forces, with the docket handwritten by John Hancock ($8/12,000).

Another lot provides a unique opportunity to acquire the only known surviving example bearing President James Buchanan's and his full cabinets' signatures written on a single sheet of paper ($2,5/3,500).

A favorite outstanding historic highlight of this auction is a "Valley Forge January 28, 1778-dated" (seven times), Revolutionary War manuscript document signed by the captains or NCOs of seven different companies of the Third New Hampshire Regiment of the Continental Line during their horrific winter encampment at Valley Forge. This manuscript document is a receipt for new stockings being distributed to the troops during the famous winter where many soldiers suffered and died from frostbite, some without stockings or shoes for their freezing feet ($12/18,000).

An associated lot offers a true Revolutionary War original pair of stockings of the type being distributed in this unique document ($500/600).

Yet another favorite rarity is an original circa 1770 American Colonial era, complete handmade tricorn black wool hat, with its black silk cockade fully intact, apparently made for an American militiaman, Ex: Virginia Museum historical display ($8/10,000).

Also on offer from the collection of Ambassador J. William Middendorf II is the finest known historic map the first London Printing of "A Prospective of the Battle fought near Lake George, on the 8th of September 1755..." engraved by Thomas Jefffreys. As one historian called it: "The only engraving that exhibits the American method of bush fighting." The only other example to appear at auction in the last 40 years was 2005 hand-colored Middendorf-Guthman copy ($50/60,000).

Early American Colonial and Continental currency is represented with an array of certified or unique examples. Two Continental Congress currency notes include a rare April 11, 1778, $8, Yorktown Issue, Blue Counterfeit Detector, PCGS graded GEM NEW-65PPQ ($5/6,000) and a September 26, 1778 Philadelphia Issue $60 Blue Counterfeit Detector PCGS graded GEM UNC-66PPQ ($1,5/2,000) both notes currently the finest certified examples.

Many rare Colonial era notes include May 8, 1740 Redated May 8, 1746, Colony of Connecticut, Three Pounds, Contemporary Counterfeit, Fr. CT-56eCFT, Ex: Ford III auction, PCGS Banknote graded Choice Fine-15 ($4/6,000); August 27, 1755, Colony of Connecticut, Two Shillings Sixpence, PCGS graded Very Fine-30; (1774) Undated, Province of Georgia, Ten Shillings, Uniface Issue, PCGS Banknote graded Very Fine-20 ($5/7,000); and major rarity 1737, Province of the Massachusetts Bay, Five Pence, Printed Text with Ornamented Woodblock Borders face and back, PCGS Banknote graded Choice Very Fine-35 the Prior Newman Plate Note, Ex: Ford-Boyd Collections, the Finest Known ($4/8,000).

The American Revolutionary War is well represented with many historic documents, artifacts and letters. These include a 1774-dated Revolutionary War era manuscript document, Boston, relating the news that King George III has prohibited the export of gunpowder, arms or ammunition to the American Colonies and has so instructed the colonial governors, ($8/10,000).

Another lot documents a Black soldier, Robert Freeman, who served in the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army, Revolutionary War, a pay order signed "X" with his mark, The "Valley Forge Muster Role Project" records Robert Freeman as a private, with the 8th Connecticut Regiment. serving at Valley Forge Camp ($3/4,000)

For military hardware collectors a museum quality, circa 1776 Revolutionary War era, British Coehorn mortar, cast bronze with the royal cipher of King George II on top, complete with its wooden block carrying and firing base with all securing iron and side handles, appears unused ($3,5/4,500) Another military favorite is a circa 1776, perhaps earlier, Eighteenth Century, bronze Burst cannon marked on top "P 14," placed on a modern wood stand, with large explosive powder ($4/6,000).

George Washington is well represented starting with a March 10, 1753 dated original Frederick County, Va., manuscript land indenture, written with "Surveyed By Mr George Washington" then as a 17-year-old, working for his relative Lord Fairfax, and this document is signed by Fairfax ($4/6,000).

These are but a few of the 216 historic auction lots currently presented. For information, www.earlyamerican.com or 858-759-3290.

 

EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY SEPTEMBER 2025 SELECTIONS

c. 1825 Official Seal of the United States Pendant Seal used for Treaties, 4+11/16" in diameter, Red Wax and its original impressed Red Silk Ribbon partially attached, smooth reverse, by Seraphim Masi of Washington D.C., Choice Extremely Fine.

Starting with the ratification of the Treaty of Ghent, the United States began to use Pendant Seals on Treaties, where the Seal is impressed onto a separate wax disc and attached to the document with cords. Although the reverse side of the Seal was designed for this purpose, a die was still not made but rather the obverse was impressed on one side only using the regular die. However, this did not conform to the European tradition of using much larger Seals for Treaties. To address this, Seraphim Masi of Washington D.C., was asked to design a larger seal specifically for Treaties. Masi produced a quite different design, showing a much more realistic (and uncrested) American Heraldic Eagle, turned somewhat to the side. He also added fruits to the olive branch, changed the shape of the shield, and depicted the crest differently. It measured 4+11/16 inches (11.9 cm) in diameter. A scarce, extremely attractive, undamaged Seal, having excellent sharp details and overall choice eye appeal.

To read the complete lot description, see:
c. 1825 Official Seal of the United States in Red Wax & Silk (https://www.earlyamerican.com/Auctions/ClientPages/lots.item.php?auction=9&lot=129&r=2031315225)

1862 Civil War Encased Postage Stamp, EP-5, HB-44, S-21, Reed-BC01. One Cent, BAILEY & CO., JEWELLERS, 819 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Choice About Uncirculated.

Rated as Rarity-8 (5 to 10 known), according to Fred Reed. This 1862 Patent Date Civil War Encased Postage Stamp has a vivid bright blue Benjamin Franklin 1861 US postage stamp that appears perfectly centered. It's eye appeal is exceptional, viewed though perfectly clear natural mica. There are some traces of original underlying luster seen within the sharp central reverse legend's text and looking virtually new with natural even tone. We previously offered in our EAHA Auction of December 11, 1999 lot 549, graded Extremely Fine which sold for $2,415; our Auction of November 15, 2011 lot 116 sold at $4,425; and another offered in our EAHA Auction of June 26, 2015 lot 200, also graded Choice About Uncirculated sold for $3,600. This is a wonderful opportunity to acquire perhaps the finest known 5 Bailey & Company Jewelers Encased Postage Stamp for what seems to be very little money when compared to its quality and rarity.

Reed considers the 1 Bailey to be an R-8, indicating five to ten known. In fact, Reed has assigned R-8 for the four lowest Bailey denominations, while the 12 has two known, and there was one 24 piece recorded many decades ago, but it has never resurfaced. Through the years, the 1 denomination on this Philadelphia "jeweller" has been missing from many great collections. The advertising lettering has trapped traces of mint red luster on this piece. The stamp is bright and the mica is first rate.

To read the complete lot description, see:
One Cent "Bailey & Company Jewellers" Philadelphia, One of the Finest Known (5 to 10 Examples Known) Rarity-8 (https://www.earlyamerican.com/Auctions/ClientPages/lots.item.php?auction=9&lot=160&r=1213629514)

c. 1778 Revolutionary War Period, Benjamin Franklin Portrait Oval Medallion by Wedgwood, (after William Hackwood, Sellers 4, Reilly & Savage a.) Black Basalt Earthenware, measuring 52 mm x 44 mm, Choice Extremely Fine or better.

52 mm x 44 mm. An exceptional Bareheaded Bust Portrait of Franklin facing left, with FRANKLIN impressed on a slight arc beneath the bust. According to Sellers (Benjamin Franklin in Portraiture), this example was created in a variety of sizes, this is the smallest of them, measuring just over two inches at its longer axis. William Hackwood sculpted the bust, apparently inspired by the popular Nini's portrait from life. This one is marked "Wedgwood & Bentley" on its otherwise unmarked back, a mark used just through 1780. The condition is flawless, with no chips or marks, just a light pencil number on the back.

To read the complete lot description, see:
c. 1778 Benjamin Franklin Oval Medallion by Wedgwood (https://www.earlyamerican.com/Auctions/ClientPages/lots.item.php?auction=9&lot=216&r=172559434)

SOVEREIGN RARITIES AUCTION XIX: THORBURN COLLECTION

Sovereign Rarities proudly present their 19th Auction to be held at their London office on Tuesday 23rd September in conjunction with the Royal Mint. The online catalogue is now available to view at www.sovr.co.uk with images and estimates of every lot.

The sale commences with the magnificent Thorburn Collection of coins of 1887 mostly struck for the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. This collection consists of over 200 coins arranged in 198 lots to begin the auction and covers everything numismatic from the Royal Mint medallions for the Jubilee and all the denominations in use for 1887 from the senior gold Five Pounds to the more lowly bronze Farthing as well as many patterns and proofs produced at the time for Adolph Weyl, J. Rochelle Thomas and Spink. The sale now has its own pdf flipbook with all relevant introductory passages at this link SOVR Auction XIX - Featuring the Thorburn Collection - Flip Book Catalogue

Focusing on the silver denominations one of the most significant items is the silver proof set of all the coins from Crown to Threepence which contains a more unusual die variation of Halfcrown, Florin, and Shilling than the usual proofs seen of this date, as explained in the extensive cataloguing notes. There are also individual high grade examples of all these silver denominations in both currency and proof throughout the collection with other die variances. Examples below:

The Thorburn Collection of 1887 is perhaps most notable though for the presence of 19 different Pattern Sixpences made for Spink and Son and J. Rochelle Thomas by Lauer of Bavaria. This intriguing series was made in a small quantity and has become highly collectible since for its variation in design, metals used and variance of edges. Never have so many been offered for sale in one auction opportunity. The only other comprehensive assemblage of these patterns was in the Alfred Bole Collection sold over three sales circa 2010 from where a number of these examples were purchased. The catalogue explains the story and variance in a lot more detail.

The Thorburn Collection closes with the patterns prepared for dealer Adolph Weyl also manufactured by Lauer of Bavaria made in an even more limited quantity than those above. The trial piece in lead above shows three dates on the obverse side as a sample striking to show how the aesthetic of date insertion would look physically. This coin is unique.

The sale then continues into the general properties Ancient to modern with Ancient British, Anglo-Saxon and Norman, as well as Mediaeval including Irish, gold and silver from the Tudor period to modern day. The 1935 gold Crown for the Silver Jubilee is the key lot featured two weeks back.

One of the highlights is an Anglo-Gallic Edward III gold Leopard D'Or graded by PCGS as AU58 at £10,000-12,000. Always an interesting animal design from this medieval gothic era of coinage. There will be a final selection of highlights on next week's E-Sylum.

The sale takes place at Sovereign Rarities on 23rd September as a live auction with online bidding.

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
1935 GEORGE V SILVER JUBILEE CROWN IN GOLD (https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n35a16.html)
SOVEREIGN RARITIES AUCTION XIX (https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n36a20.html)

WILTSHIRE-AREA TOKEN COLLECTION OFFERED

"During periods where there isn't much official currency around, local businesses tend to step in and create their own little tokens. So these would have been exchanged for people shopping, to pay people," she said.

A large private collection featuring hundreds of tokens is being sold at the auction house on 24 September. The coins date from the 1600s to the 1950s, with the majority from businesses and towns in Wiltshire.

They would have been made all over the country, all unique to their own area, but this collector lived in Wiltshire.

A few in the collection from the 1600s are tiny, but very clean. Swindon can be clearly seen on one, with the name William Heath, and another is from Devizes.

"This one's really interesting because it's got the name Grace Naish on it. That tells us it was made by a woman.

The token has an imprint of what appears to be cloves on one side, an indication that Grace could have been a grocer, she added.

Ms Day explained it is likely the tokens "would have been used no further than the town they were made in".

It is not just shops, but pubs that issued them too. One from 1810, the regency period, is very well-preserved and decorated and was from business owner John Lamb in the Cricklade area.

He covered a few trades, according to the coin, which reads draper, grocer and ironmonger.

There are numerous tokens from over the centuries in the collection - from pubs in Trowbridge, to businesses in Melksham and tokens for pay from the old Great Western Railway works.

To read the complete article, see:
Unofficial currency used for centuries to be sold (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0e90l41ry2o)

For more information, see:
Historic Wiltshire Tokens Offered as Part of September Coin Sale (https://rwbauctions.com/news/wiltshire-tokens/)

To bid, please see:
Irish Coins, Gun Money & Tokens - 492 Lots (https://www.easyliveauction.com/catalogue/9b1dcd85ff7aab8f2fa5e5a17fbff987/
0af8d24542e81eb9357e7ef448a6646f/irish-coins-gun-money-tokens/)

ARCHIVES INTERNATIONAL SALE 106

Czechoslovakia, 1929. 500 Korun, P-24s, Specimen Banknote, Red on m/c underprint with arms at left and WWI Czech Legionnaire at right, Back is red on m/c with woman's head at center flanked by lion and child, Pin punched Specimen at top, S/N E-283648, Legacy graded Gem New 65PPQ with comment "Perforated Cancelled," ABNC.

To read the complete item description, see:
Czechoslovakia, 1929. 500 Korun, P-24s, Specimen Banknote, (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/Czechoslovakia-Narodni-Banka-Ceskoslovensk-1929-Specimen-Banknote_i57876267)

Ireland, 1866. 10 Dollars, P-S102a, Issued Banknote, Black on green underprint with red seal at left, Portrait of men at lower left and right with eagle perched on flag at center, Back is green, S/N 4911 3911, Fine to Choice Fine condition, CONB.

To read the complete item description, see:
Ireland, 1866. 10 Dollars, P-S102a, Issued Banknote, (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/Ireland-Republic-of-Ireland-1866-Issued-Banknote_i57876331)

Kingdom of Hawaii, Lahainaluna Seminary, Maui, Kingdom of Hawaii, ND (1843–44), Lot of 6 I/U banknotes. Among the earliest issues of Hawaiian paper money, these notes were printed at Lahainaluna Seminary on Maui, the first institution of higher learning west of the Rocky Mountains. Established by American missionaries in 1831, the seminary introduced printing, literacy, and Western education to the Hawaiian Kingdom. Included are all six denominations: 3 Keneta (3 cents) Note, 2PE-10, "Industry" – Second Issue, Altered Plate, Secret Mark Variety, with engraved dot near hive entrance, backed at issue, thin laid paper printed in black by woodblock, central beehive vignette symbolizing industry and labor, PMG Uncirculated 63 with note of 2 small holes (possibly cancellation holes); Hapaumi (1/16 Dollar) Note, 2PE-11, "Law" – Second Issue, Altered Plate, Secret Mark Variety, with engraved stroke in scales vignette, backed at issue, central vignette of scales of justice, PMG Uncirculated 61; Hapawalu (1/8 Dollar) Note, 2PE-12, "Science-Astronomy" – Second Issue, Altered Plate, Secret Mark Variety, with engraved dot at telescope base, backed at issue, central vignette of telescope on tripod symbolizing astronomy, PMG Choice Uncirculated 63, only 5 graded with 1 higher; Hapaha (1/4 Dollar) Note, 2PE-13, "Geography" – Second Issue, Altered Plate, Secret Mark Variety, with added diagonal line on right globe, backed at issue, vignette of twin globes representing geography, PMG Choice Uncirculated 63 with note of small holes and a light stain at upper right corner; Hapalua (1/2 Dollar) Note, 2PE-14, "Education" – Second Issue, Altered Plate, Secret Mark Variety, with added shading stroke above Seminary roofline, backed at issue, vignette of Lahainaluna Seminary buildings, PMG Uncirculated 62 with note of 2 small holes and minor edge damage at lower left; Hookahi Dala ($1) Note, 2PE-15, "Hawaiian Islands-Cartography" – Second Issue, Altered Plate, Secret Mark Variety, with engraved dash in ocean below "DALA," backed at issue, vignette of map of the Hawaiian Islands with flag, PMG Choice Uncirculated 63 with note of 2 small holes, only 4 graded with 1 higher. An extraordinary complete set of these historic and seldom-seen notes, combining rarity, numismatic importance, and cultural significance in Hawaiian history

To read the complete item description, see:
Kingdom of Hawaii, Lahainaluna Seminary, Maui, Kingdom of Hawaii, ND (1843–44), Lot of 6 I/U banknotes. (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/Kingdom-of-Hawaii-Lahainaluna-Seminary-Maui-ND-1843-44-Lot-of-6-Banknotes_i57876337)

Granada, Nicaragua, Republic of Nicaragua, 1856, $25 Military Script, Pick S131, S/N 893. Historic William Walker–signed military pay certificate issued during his brief presidency of Nicaragua. Printed on thin paper by El Nicaraguense Print, in black, with ornate side borders and bold title "TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS," issued at Granada for "Military Services rendered to the State." Hand-signed by William Walker, President of the Republic, and the Minister of Hacienda, with the Great Seal of the Republic impressed at lower left. This rare fiscal note is directly tied to one of the most turbulent episodes in Central American history. William Walker, an American physician, lawyer, and adventurer from Tennessee, launched a series of "filibustering" expeditions in Latin America during the 1850s. After failed attempts in Mexico, he turned to Nicaragua, where he exploited a civil conflict to seize power in 1856. Declaring himself President of Nicaragua, Walker sought to Americanize the country's institutions, reinstated slavery (abolished years earlier), and attracted settlers and mercenaries from the United States. His regime provoked alarm among This example, serial number 893, is PMG graded Very Fine 25 NET with notation of tape repairs. The signatures, design elements, and embossing remain bold and distinct. Notes of this issue are seldom encountered, and Walker's signed notes and documents are highly prized for their direct connection to the Central America filibuster era and to one of the most controversial figures of 19th-century Central American history.

To read the complete item description, see:
Granada, Nicaragua, Republic of Nicaragua, 1856, $25 Military Script, Pick S131, S/N 893. (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/Nicaragua-Republic-of-Nicaragua-1856-25-Issued-Military-Banknote-Signed-by-William-Walker_i57876356)

Cardigan, Wales, United Kingdom. Undated, ca.1800-1840, early to mid-19th century; unissued promissory note for One Guinea, Outing 427b. Large-format design with bold ornamental calligraphy across the face; left vignette within an oval frame of Cardigan Castle, surmounted by crossed laurel branches; central embossed revenue stamp impressed into the paper; text promises to pay the bearer "on demand the sum of One Guinea, value received"; entirely unfilled aside from printed elements, leaving spaces for number, date, and signatures; printed by Johnson & C°, Bristol; light toning, folds, and minor handling, with strong embossing and bold engraved design still well preserved; the condition ranges from Choice Fine to VF condition or better.

To read the complete item description, see:
Cardigan, Wales, United Kingdom. Undated, ca.1800-1840, early to mid-19th century; unissued promissory note for One Guinea, Outing 427b. (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/UK-Cardigan-ca-1800s-I-U-Provincial-One-Guinea-Promissory-Note-with-4-Pence-Embossed-Revenue-Stam_i57876404)

Indiana, ND (1860s). 5 Cents, Camp of the 36th IV (Indiana Volunteers) Division, George Davidson Sutler Script Note. Black print with red/orange underprint, View of army camp at top center with allegorical woman at left and covered wagon at right, Uniface note, PMG graded Very Fine 20 with comment "Stains." Camp of the 36 IV is the Indiana Volunteers (a Civil War Union regiment), and each regiment typically had its own sutler, so notes can often be tied to a specific unit. In this case, Davidson was the sutler for the 36th Indiana Infantry Regiment, and this note circulated within their camp. The 36th Indiana Volunteer Infantry was a battle-tested regiment that fought from Shiloh through the Carolinas Campaign, losing hundreds of men in some of the hardest battles of the war. Their service spanned the entire Civil War in the Western Theater, and they were present at both early Union struggles and final Union victories.

To read the complete item description, see:
Indiana, ND (1860s). 5 Cents, Camp of the 36th IV (Indiana Volunteers) Division, George Davidson Sutler Script Note. (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/IN-United-State-Army-Camp-of-the-36th-Indiana-Volunteers-ND-1860s-Sutler-Scrip-George-Davidson_i57876447)

Great Britain, ND (1919). No Value Waterlow & Sons Limited Advertising Note. Green and purple print with resting figure surrounded by cherubs at center, Back is orange with Minerva at center, PMG graded Choice Uncirculated 63 with comment "Previously Mounted," W&S.

To read the complete item description, see:
Great Britain, ND (1919). No Value Waterlow & Sons Limited Advertising Note. (https://auction.archivesinternational.com/U-K-Waterlow-Sons-Limited-ND-1919-Advertising-Proof-Note_i57876725)

 

STACK'S BOWERS: FALL 2025 MAASTRICHT AUCTION

BAHAMAS. Bahamas Government. 100 Dollars, 1965. P-25b. PMG Very Fine 30. While in rarity it is perhaps equal to the previous lot, the $100 1965 is certainly a true highlight, as we have never sold this variety at auction before, even if we have handled some of the great Commonwealth rarities. Just two examples have been graded in the PMG population report, compared to a rather large quantity of 19 notes of the two-signature variety, which is still a scarce and popular type. The $100 notes from the Bahamas are a bit of an anomaly in the world of paper money. Even though they were printed in reasonably large quantities, up to the late 1990s, their issuance was done rather inconsistently, and all $100 notes (even those printed in the 1990s) are very scarce. Tourists, many of whom come from the United States, will typically use U.S. Dollars, and few would see the local Bahamian currency. The local population had relatively little need for higher denominations, especially in the late 1960s, and small quantities would be distributed to local banks on the various islands, which were enough for local commerce. As a result, dealers and collectors acquired few, and most types are rare.

Of course, that does not quite explain the rarity of this note, one theory of which we have outlined in the previous lot. There is no doubt that this is a great rarity, and along with the $50 with triple signatures, this represents an exceptional opportunity. Even the greatest Commonwealth collectors have been unable to acquire this variety, despite their relatively recent issuance. Thankfully, even though this note spent some time in circulation, it is entirely intact and problem-free. It faces up well with considerable originality left. We can't stress enough the rarity of this note and have to mention that this is one of those that we urge you to strongly consider, as you don't want to regret placing just one more bid before the gavel falls on this lot.

To read the complete item description, see:
BAHAMAS. Bahamas Government. 100 Dollars, 1965. P-25b. PMG Very Fine 30. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI0T9/bahamas-bahamas-government-100-dollars-1965-p-25b-pmg-very-fine-30)

BELGIAN CONGO. Banque du Congo Belge. 100 Francs, 1.2.1929. P-11f. PMG Choice Very Fine 35. Without branch name. An incredibly scarce type at this grade level, and one of those African colonial notes that more often than not is seen in lower grades, with one or more serious condition issues. By comparison, the present example is noteworthy in its originality and problem-free paper. While some collectors may prefer the issues with branch names, those without a branch name, as seen here, are not much more common, and for the type, this would be an excellent addition to any advanced collection. Not only is it the sole finest for this particular variety, a look at the PMG population report reveals that just two finer notes have been graded for all varieties of this type. Needless to say, whether you are a type collector or try to acquire all different varieties of the Belgian Congo, this is a significant offering that should be considered carefully. Its appearance is fresh, bright, and original. This type is known for being printed on fairly thin paper that is susceptible to tears and excessive handling, but thankfully, this piece has stood the test of time well. An exceptional opportunity, not to be missed.

To read the complete item description, see:
BELGIAN CONGO. Banque du Congo Belge. 100 Francs, 1.2.1929. P-11f. PMG Choice Very Fine 35. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI0W0/belgian-congo-banque-du-congo-belge-100-francs-121929-p-11f-pmg-choice-very-fine-35)

CANADA--DOMINION OF CANADA. Dominion of Canada. 1000 Dollars, 2.1.1925. DC-29S. Specimen. PMG Choice Uncirculated 63. One of just two examples of this specimen in the PMG population as of the time of cataloging, both in equal grade. With just three issued notes of this type in private hands, specimens of this type are almost equally as desirable, and equally as rare. The 1925 $500s and $1000s were quickly produced to replace the 1911 issue in circulation, which were withdrawn following the desire of the Department of Finance to reconcile their accounting of these high denominations. In order to save time, the vignettes of the $1 and $5, respectively, were used. On the $1000 denomination, the portrait of Queen Mary is prominently placed at the center, with the underprint on the front and the color on the back in two shades of orange. The notes were hand signed upon issue, so this specimen, which does have a small red 'SPECIMEN' overprint and punch hole cancellations, is otherwise essentially as issued.

Of course, thanks to its tremendous purchasing power at the time of issue, most Canadians would not be familiar with this issue, and we suspect that many were used for interbank transfers and the settlements of larger accounts. Just 30,000 notes were printed, with the first delivery of issued notes taking place in July of 1925, just a few months after the Finance Department ordered them to be produced, in March of the same year. However, as can be expected, with actual circulation fairly limited, most were eventually withdrawn, and today just five issued examples are known to exist, with two of those in institutional holdings. As we mentioned previously, specimens such as this are not much more available, and this example, with bright colors, is an important opportunity for the Canadian specialist. It's been almost 15 years since we last handled this type in any format, and that was a proof, which should give another indication of its tremendous rarity. PMG Comments "Previously Mounted."

To read the complete item description, see:
CANADA--DOMINION OF CANADA. Dominion of Canada. 1000 Dollars, 2.1.1925. DC-29S. Specimen. PMG Choice Uncirculated 63. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI1GQ/canada-dominion-of-canada-dominion-of-canada-1000-dollars-211925-dc-29s-specimen-pmg-choice-uncirculated-63)

EGYPT. National Bank of Egypt. 1 Egyptian Pound, 5.1.1899. P-2b. PMG Very Fine 20. One of the greatest rarities in Egyptian paper money, which would perhaps only be passed if an issued 5 Egyptian Pound from this series that is rumored to exist ever appears at public auction. This is the second signature variety of the iconic 'two-camel' 1 Pound, which was first issued in 1899, and was not replaced until a newly designed series entered circulation around 1912. Demand always exceeds supply, and while there are a decent number of notes graded in the PMG population report, there are few auction offerings of this type at public auction in any given decade. In fact, in our lengthy auction history, this is only the third time that we have offered this type in issued format.

The Rowlatt signature of the 1899 series was introduced in 1906, replacing an earlier variety with the Palmer signature. The 1 Pound has an even smaller print total than the 50 Piastres, with 350,000 notes printed between the two signature combinations. Like the other denominations, this denomination was printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. in Great Britain at a time that Egypt was a de facto Egyptian protectorate. It has long been regarded as one of the quintessential African type nots, and not surprisingly, demand for this type is high.

The present piece has a very strong visual appearance, with good color for the type. While skillful repairs have enhanced the paper quality, the printed design elements remain original. The signature is strong, and quite unusually, this piece is a more than respectable example of this rare type. An exceptional opportunity for the Egyptian specialist and with demand for key Egyptian notes at an all-time high a note that should see spirited bidding before the gavel strikes on this lot. PMG comments "Repaired."

To read the complete item description, see:
EGYPT. National Bank of Egypt. 1 Egyptian Pound, 5.1.1899. P-2b. PMG Very Fine 20. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI1T5/egypt-national-bank-of-egypt-1-egyptian-pound-511899-p-2b-pmg-very-fine-20)

FRANCE. Tresor Central. 5000 Francs, 1.11.1943. P-110s. SB135s2. Specimen. PMG About Uncirculated 55. We have given the historical background of these French notes in the previous lot. Meant for circulation in Corsica, there were three denominations prepared. However, only the 100 Francs is sometimes seen in issued format, as both the 1000 Francs in the previous lot and this 5000 Francs only exist as specimens, and in very limited quantities at that. This is the only specimen in the PMG population report as of the time of cataloging, and while it did see some handling (not surprising given its large format), the color, freshness, and paper quality are exceptional.

The designs of these three notes fit the historical time period well. The 1000 Francs seen on the previous lot shows the Phoenix rising out of its ashes, representative of the rebuilding that would await France in the coming years. The 5000 Francs seen here has an even more dramatic design, with Marianne (representing France) leading the country with flag and torch in her hands. Elements representing peace, such as olive branches, are also seen in the design. An exceptional note and surely missing from even the most advanced French or World War II collections, and an offering we do not expect to repeat in the near future. PMG Comments "Printer's Annotations."

Provenance: From the Al Kugel Collection.

To read the complete item description, see:
FRANCE. Tresor Central. 5000 Francs, 1.11.1943. P-110s. SB135s2. Specimen. PMG About Uncirculated 55. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI1ZV/france-tresor-central-5000-francs-1111943-p-110s-sb135s2-specimen-pmg-about-uncirculated-55)

GREECE. Ethniki Trapeza tis Ellados. 500 Drachmai, 8.1.1923. P-77. PMG Extremely Fine 40. Cancelled. One of the great rarities in Greek numismatics and Greek collectors will certainly be familiar with the story of this issue. First of all, we must mention the appearance of the Hagia Sophia, in modern-day Istanbul on the back. Its inclusion on a Greek note is perhaps a bit unusual, but it did serve as the center of the Eastern Orthodox church in two different periods, spanning between 360 and 1453 AD. One of the most well-known buildings of worship, it would serve as a template for Eastern Orthodox architecture.

This 500 Drachmai, printed by the American Bank Note Company, is part of a series of notes with denominations ranging from 5 Drachmai to 1000 Drachmai. The lower denominations are sometimes available, but the higher denominations are rare. In fact, while fairly large quantities were printed (the Banknote Book reports a print run of 1 million notes of this denomination), it appears this type was issued in extremely limited quantities, and most remaining notes were later halved, and issued as provisional notes (the 1926 issue, P-80 to P-83). We know this because of communication between ABNC and officials in Greece from the late 1920s and early 1930s. Basically, falsely numbered notes turned up in New York, and according to telegrams, those notes had not been issued. They appear to have been stolen from the printer, with serial numbers falsely added, and then circulated, perhaps among the Greek population of New York.

This note has been cancelled, but it is one of just three examples of this Pick number in the population report, and essentially, this or a small number of specimens is the only way that one can reasonably hope to acquire this type. The format seen here is certainly preferred, and while this does come with some problems, its appearance is still strong. An exceptional opportunity for the Greek specialist, not to be missed. PMG Comments "Trimmed, Minor Discoloration."

To read the complete item description, see:
GREECE. Ethniki Trapeza tis Ellados. 500 Drachmai, 8.1.1923. P-77. PMG Extremely Fine 40. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI2EF/greece-ethniki-trapeza-tis-ellados-500-drachmai-811923-p-77-pmg-extremely-fine-40)

ITALIAN SOMALILAND. Banca d'Italia. 1 Rupia, 13.5.1920. P-2a. PMG Choice About Uncirculated 58 EPQ. Even though our lengthy auction archives include a number of different offerings from Italian Somaliland, this is the first time we have ever been able to offer any of the three denominations issued for the 1920 series. These were issued by the Banca d'Italia, denominated in Rupees ('Rupia' in Italian) and printed by an Italian printer, which is listed as 'E FEDERICI DIS INC.' on the notes. This series was in circulation from 1920 to 1925 and are counted among the rarest issues of North Africa. Of the present type, two dates were issued, of which this is the first. Based on prefixes observed, they had similar print runs, although the 1921 date appears to be scarcer. That said, the 1920 date, seen on this example, can hardly be considered common either, especially at this grade level.

Italian Somaliland was a territory in the Horn of Africa that was colonized by Italy in the late 19th century, officially becoming an Italian protectorate in 1889. After being occupied by British forces during World War II it became a United Nations trusteeship under Italian administration in 1949, and it remained so until it gained independence as part of Somalia on July 1, 1960. During the Italian period, infrastructure such as ports, roads, and administrative buildings was developed to support colonial governance and economic exploitation. Sadly, years of civil war and violence in Somalia has ruined much of the area, leaving these notes as one of the few tangible reminders to the region's past.

According to the decree that authorized the issuance of these notes they were to be redeemable in silver, but according to the Banknote Book, that convertibility was suspended immediately after these notes were introduced into circulation. Still, they must have circulated extensively, as virtually all known examples are in well circulated grades. In fact, this particular example is the sole finest known, and the next highest grade in the PMG population report is a pair of notes graded Very Fine 30. Additionally, this is the only example of the type that has been awarded the 'Exceptional Paper Quality' designation by PMG. For collectors who appreciate rarity, history, and quality, here is an offering we strongly urge you to consider.

To read the complete item description, see:
ITALIAN SOMALILAND. Banca d'Italia. 1 Rupia, 13.5.1920. P-2a. PMG Choice About Uncirculated 58 EPQ. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI2S4/italian-somaliland-banca-ditalia-1-rupia-1351920-p-2a-pmg-choice-about-uncirculated-58-epq)

MOZAMBIQUE. Banco Nacional Ultramarino. 1000 Reis, 2.1.1897. P-16. BNU MZ17a. PMG Very Fine 25. The finer of just two examples in the PMG population report. A 19th-century rarity from colonial Mozambique the likes of which is only offered at auction once or twice in a generation. The Banco Nacional Ultramarino, initially established in Portugal, became the de facto bank in the Portuguese colonies, establishing a branch at Mozambique island in 1877, and issuing its first notes later that year, which were notes initially printed for the bank's Angola branch which were later overprinted for use in Mozambique. The bank then opened a branch at Lourenço Marques in 1883, following an earlier agency in the same town, which later became Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, in 1898. The note offered in this present lot was issued around the same time, although dated slightly earlier, 2 January 1897.

In the late 19th century Lourenço Marques experienced a period of accelerated development, driven largely by improvements to its port. The sheltered anchorage of Delagoa Bay was deepened and equipped with new quays to handle increasing volumes of trade, while the layout of streets and drainage systems in the settlement was gradually formalized to replace the earlier ad hoc arrangements. The introduction of a railway connection to the Transvaal in the 1890s stimulated the construction of warehouses, markets, and administrative buildings, many in masonry, which gave the town a more permanent and organized appearance. Public health measures, such as better water supply and rudimentary sanitation facilities, were implemented to combat recurring outbreaks of tropical disease, and a modest civic culture began to emerge around churches, schools, and social clubs.

The Laurence Pope reference on the African paper money of the BNU lists this issue, but only pictures the 1906 issue of the same design, which was printed in gray. Curiously, it lists the color of the back of this type as 'olive-green,' although as seen here, the color is perhaps better described as canary. No print totals are known, but even if there was a considerable print run, it is obvious that most were redeemed or destroyed over time, and surviving examples are rare in any grade. This note has been deemed problem-free by PMG, and we must concur, with all printed design elements clear. The color is vibrant, and the signatures are bold. An exceptional opportunity for the Portuguese colonial or African specialist.

To read the complete item description, see:
MOZAMBIQUE. Banco Nacional Ultramarino. 1000 Reis, 2.1.1897. P-16. BNU MZ17a. PMG Very Fine 25. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI39O/mozambique-banco-nacional-ultramarino-1000-reis-211897-p-16-bnu-mz17a-pmg-very-fine-25)

PANAMA. Banco Central de Emision de la Republica de Panama. 20 Balboas, 1941. P-25a. PMG Very Fine 25. The 20 Balboas of Panama is considered one of the greatest numismatic rarities in the world. As the highest denomination of this iconic series, which is said to have circulated for only a week, surviving examples are rare, and offerings are infrequent at best. In fact, the acquisition of this denomination is often the highlight of a collecting career. The present lot also represents the first time that we have offered this denomination in two years, which, while it may not seem like a long time, is an indication of the rarity of this denomination.

We have covered the details of the creation of this issue in the previous lots, and collectors will surely be intimately familiar with the history of the 1941 issue from Panama. This particular piece is one of only three notes graded at this grade level. Rust mentioned by the grading service is mostly limited to the back and has not completely eaten through the paper. A desirable low 3-digit serial number is seen, although for accuracy, we mention that most of the surviving examples have such low serial numbers. Combined, it makes for an exciting offering, and is a true highlight in this auction. PMG Comments "Rust."

To read the complete item description, see:
PANAMA. Banco Central de Emision de la Republica de Panama. 20 Balboas, 1941. P-25a. PMG Very Fine 25. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LI3LL/panama-banco-central-de-emision-de-la-republica-de-panama-20-balboas-1941-p-25a-pmg-very-fine-25)

STACK'S BOWERS: HENGEVELD'S MAASTRICHT FAVORITES

By now, you have probably seen the online catalog of the Fall 2025 Maastricht Showcase Auction, and printed catalogs will be in the mail shortly. In this blog, we will look at five notes that I personally like, for various reasons. If you have been reading these blogs for a while, you know that I have a keen interest in history, and I like several of these notes for their historical aspects. Others I like for their eye appeal or because of their rarity. As a result, these are not necessarily the most expensive notes in the sale, but notes that I think you should pay attention to.

This is a type that I have always been fond of, thanks to its pastel colors and tranquil scenes on both sides. A note with relatively modest face value, most seen in the marketplace today are in heavily circulated condition, and uncirculated examples are scarce. This example stood out to me because of the ‘EPQ' designation, indicating total originality, an exception to the rule, as these notes often have staining, pinholes, or other problems.

An underrated and relatively unknown issue of France that was used by the military in the French zones of occupied Germany after World War II. A lovely design is seen on this series, which was printed in fairly limited quantities, with issued notes often in heavily circulated grades. This specimen is fresh and bright, with excellent eye appeal and, as mentioned in the description, this is a note that surely belongs in advanced French and German collections due to its historical significance.

One of the most famous and valuable baseball cards in the world is the 1952 Topps Mickey Mantle, a card much rarer than it ought to be, after unsold stacks were dumped into the ocean years later. A remarkably similar fate befell this Greenland banknote, issued four decades earlier. Withdrawn only a few years after release, the remaining stock was taken into the Atlantic and thrown overboard. Surviving notes are rare, and this example is especially desirable as it bears serial number 2. While many 1952 Mantle cards now trade for six or seven figures depending on grade, this Greenland note, despite its greater rarity, can be acquired for a fraction of that price. For collectors of world paper money, such opportunities highlight how undervalued some areas remain compared to other collectibles.

If you were to ask me what my favorite series of banknotes is, my go to answer is the ‘Lady Lavery' series of Ireland, issued between 1928 and 1977. The series shows the portrait of Lady Hazel Lavery (born Hazel Martyn in Chicago on March 14, 1880), the wife of artist Sir John Lavery, who designed the notes. Colorful and increasing in size with each denomination, they display an attractive design that includes the masks of Irish river gods seen on the back (taken from the façade of the Dublin Custom House). Perhaps the most attractive color scheme of the seven denominations issued is the purple and yellow 50 Pounds. It is offered in this auction in absolute top grade, a true stunner of a banknote, and has even received an additional comment from PMG for ‘Exceptional Embossing."

A note many non-specialists would overlook rather easily, but which nevertheless is something special, although its exact significance is unclear at this time. After the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic, notes from the Banco de Portugal were overprinted with a small "REPUBLICA," indicating that they were issued after the 5 October 1910 Revolution. The overprint is typically seen in black (and is only listed as such in Pick), but on this example, it is in red, and it is one of only two notes we have seen (the other consecutive to this that sold in Portugal back in 2015). Based on the single letter prefix, we believe that this was one of the first of these provisional issues, overprinted before it was decided to use a black overprint. One of those notes that should probably be considered as a separate variety, but which, thanks to its rarity, has eluded most researchers until now.

To read the complete article, see:
Some Personal Favorites from the Fall 2025 Maastricht Showcase Auction (https://stacksbowers.com/some-personal-favorites-from-the-fall-2025-maastricht-showcase-auction/)

 

GADOURY OCTOBER 4, 2025 FRENCH COINAGE

Philip VI 1328-1350 Golden Pavilion, issue of June 8, 1339, AU 5.07 g. Obverse: The king seated facing forward on a curule chair holding a fleur-de-lis scepter Reverse: Leafy and fleur-de-lis cross in a quatrilobe quartered with four crowns. Ref: Dup. 251, Fr. 266, L.254 Grading: PCGS MS 64 Conservation: FDC. Gorgeous

To read the complete item description, see:
Philip VI 1328-1350 Golden Pavilion, issue of June 8, 1339, AU 5.07 g. (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7521974)

Gold Salut, 2nd issue (September 6, 1423) Saint-Lô (Fleur-de-lis), AU 3.49 g. Ref: Dup. 443A, Fr. 301 Grading: NGC MS 68 Condition: Mint State, exceptional preservation. Top Pop: this is the finest known example

To read the complete item description, see:
Gold Salut, 2nd issue (September 6, 1423) Saint-Lô (Fleur-de-lis), AU 3.49 g. Ref: Dup. 443A, Fr. 301 (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7521983)

Louis XIV 1643-1715 Louis d'or with youthful bust, laureate head, Paris, 1662 A, AU Ref: G. 246 Grading: NGC MS 62. Top Pop: this is the finest graded example Condition: Superb

To read the complete item description, see:
Louis XIV 1643-1715 Louis d'or with youthful bust, laureate head, Paris, 1662 A, AU Ref: G. 246 (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7522002)

Louis XIV 1643-1715 Louis d'or with shield, reformation, Dijon, 1691 P, AU 6.69 g. Ref: G. 250 (R), Fr. 429 Grading: PCGS MS 63 Condition: Nearly Mint State. The finest known example at PCGS

To read the complete item description, see:
Louis XIV 1643-1715 Louis d'or with shield, reformation, Dijon, 1691 P, AU 6.69 g. Ref: G. 250 (R), Fr. 429 (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7522003)

Louis XVI, 1774-1793 Louis d'or with bare head, Limoges, 1789 I, AU 7.59 g. Ref: G.361 (R2), Fr. 471 Grading: PCGS MS 64 Condition: Mint State. Exceptional preservation, the highest grade known at PCGS

To read the complete item description, see:
Louis XVI, 1774-1793 Louis d'or with bare head, Limoges, 1789 I, AU 7.59 g. Ref: G.361 (R2), Fr. 471 (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7522010)

Consulate 1799-1804, 5 Francs, Paris, Year XI A (1802), AG 25 g. Ref: G. 577 Grading: PCGS MS 64 Condition: Mint State. The highest grade known at PCGS for this coin type. An impressive grade for this coin type, extremely rare in this condition. Very beautiful dark and uniform patina, with gold-flecked toning

To read the complete item description, see:
Consulate 1799-1804, 5 Francs, Paris, Year XI A (1802), AG 25 g. Ref: G. 577 (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7522027)

First Empire 1804-1814 40 Francs, Paris, 1806 A, AU 12.9 g. Ref: G. 1082, Fr. 537 Grading: NGC MS 64+. Top Pop. The finest known Condition: Mint State, burnished flan appearance

To read the complete item description, see:
First Empire 1804-1814 40 Francs, Paris, 1806 A, AU 12.9 g. Ref: G. 1082, Fr. 537 (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7522050)

Charles X 1824-1830 20 Francs, Paris, 1830 A, edge inscribed in relief, AU Obverse: CHARLES X ROI DE FRANCE. Bare head facing right, below signature MICHAUT and cursive T. Reverse: 20 - F (1830). Crowned shield of France within a wreath formed by two branches. Ref: G.1029b Grading: NGC PROOF 66 CAMEO Condition: Burnished flan. Extremely rare

To read the complete item description, see:
Charles X 1824-1830 20 Francs, Paris, 1830 A, edge inscribed in relief, AU (https://www.biddr.com/auctions/gadoury/browse?a=6119&l=7522062)

KUENKER AUCTION SALE 428

The coins and medals on offer feature not only portraits of the Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John. We repeatedly encounter the Order of Knights' patron saint, St. John, or rather his head, which is usually depicted lying on a platter. Such depictions are also known from sculpture. Many Order churches had three-dimensional reminders of the beheading caused by Salome, some of which still exist today.

Of course, auction 428 also contains a rich selection of rarities from the field of world coins. We can only make mention of a few examples here.

There is also a rich selection of pieces from the German States. At this point, we can only mention a Bremen double taler by George of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1562. Bishop George was and remained Catholic during the conflicts surrounding the Reformation; however, he was unable to keep his bishoprics within the Catholic Church. Protestant historians have therefore tried to portray him as a reformist.

The fourth son of Henry I of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, George was destined for a career in the Church. Following his failure to take over the archbishopric of Riga in 1527, his family secured him the positions of provost in Hildesheim, cathedral provost in Cologne and in Bremen, and canonry in St. Gereon and Strasbourg. These offices did not only come with a generous income, but also with the theoretical possibility to advance to an even higher ecclesiastical office. His election as Bishop of Minden in 1554 came as something of a surprise, as his nephew Julius had actually been intended to fill this position. But the latter unexpectedly became heir apparent and recommended his uncle as his replacement to the Minden Cathedral Chapter. Four years later, George was also elected archbishop of Bremen and Verden, again succeeding a family member – his heavily indebted elder brother Christoph. Having been so successful in accumulating ecclesiastical offices, the ruler lists all these offices on his double taler: Archbishop of Bremen, confirmed [Bishop] of Minden and Verden, Duke of Brunswick. The last title obviously does not mean that George served as Duke of Brunswick. He was merely entitled to bear this title.

The term "numisnautics" has established itself over the past few decades. It was coined by the German numismatist Wolf Müller-Reichau when he and a few colleagues launched the magazine Flaschenpost (message in a bottle) as an information bulletin for the Numismatics Working Group in Germany. While ship depictions have long been a popular theme for collectors internationally, Flaschenpost drew the attention of many German collectors to questions about the history of nautical science that can be answered with the help of coins. Künker is pleased to offer the collection of a Berlin numisnautist, the first part of which is divided between auction catalogs 427 and 428. A second part will be auctioned in an upcoming eLive auction.

As usual, the 2025 Fall Auction Sales will feature an interesting series of coins from the German Empire. Here are some of the highlights.

To order a catalog contact Künker, Nobbenburger Straße 4a, 49076 Osnabrück; phone: +49 541 / 962020; fax: +49 541 / 9620222; or via e-mail: service@kuenker.de. You can access the auction catalogs online at www.kuenker.de. If you want to submit your bid from your computer at home, please remember to register for this service in good time.

 

STACKS BOWERS: KING ERIK EMUNE PENNY

Some coinages seem to hint at special occasions, at a specific event that we may or may not recognize. One such item is a Penny from King Erik Emune (1134-1137), which Stack's Bowers Galleries is offering as lot 17035 in the L. E. Bruun Collectors Choice Online Auction, September 22-23, 2025. It may quite possibly have been struck to commemorate the Battle of Fotevik (Fodevig) in Scania in 1134.

In the battle, Erik Emune defeated the armies of King Niels and his son Magnus with the help of 300 German mercenary knights. Magnus died in the battle as did five bishops on Niels' side; Niels himself fled to the city of Schleswig where he was soon murdered by the inhabitants. Erik Emune won the Danish throne, even if he held it for only four years.

The coin in question, struck by King Erik, depicts on the reverse a rider wearing a crown, galloping right with his sword drawn and a cross before his face. It is an enticing thought that it might commemorate his victory at Fodevig. As a coin type, the rider is quite unique for Denmark and breaks tradition in not depicting a cross or another Christian symbol as the central element. This fits the Battle of Fodevig, where the use of cavalry also broke tradition and is regarded as the first Danish battle in which cavalry was used.

The divine is still present on the coin, though, with the cross in the sky before the king, much like Constantine the Great's in hoc signo vinces dream which led to the Christianization of the Roman Empire in the fourth century AD. This story would have been well-known to the Danish clergy (those of them not killed in the battle) and quite possibly the royalty, too.

The coin type is notoriously frail and brittle with most examples chipped to some degree. The present example, however, is graded NGC AU-58 and is in excellent condition. The obverse is slightly double struck which somewhat obscures the legend, but ‘ERIC REX' can still be read. The reverse with the rider is sharp and distinct. Both sides do have a few spots of old rust but display delightful toning from more than 100 years of good storage.

Adding to the story is the fact that this coin was part of the Haraldsborg Hoard, discovered 1854 in the old Danish capital of Roskilde on the site of Haraldsborg Castle. The castle, which at that time would have been no more than a fortification with palisades, was built by Harald Kesja, the half-brother of Erik Emune and would-be contender to the Danish throne. The hoard consisted of bronze and silver liturgical items as well as 600 coins from the reign of Erik Emune. Incidentally, Emune means ‘forever remembered' and that he surely is, by numismatists at least, for such a handsome and intriguing coinage as this.

To read the complete article, see:
A COMMEMORATIVE COINAGE FROM A KING FOREVER REMEMBERED (https://stacksbowers.com/a-commemorative-coinage-from-a-king-forever-remembered/)

To read the complete item description, see:
DENMARK. Penny, ND (1134-1137). Lund Mint. Eric II (Erik Emune). NGC AU-58. (https://auctions.stacksbowers.com/lots/view/3-1LBFJH/)

THE OTHER GEORGE MEDAL: FACIAT GEORGIUS

"One miserable night on that crocodile-infested island, a few officers decided the division deserved a medal — not for heroism in the traditional sense, but simply for surviving that dreadful place," writes Chase Tomlin for the National World War II Museum.

What started as a jest soon became cast in bronze.

In postwar interviews, Lt. Col. Merrill B. Twining recalled that, "One evening on Guadalcanal … a group of us were discussing the situation — the enemy, the lack of support, chow, ammunition, and everything else, when I suggested that we design a medal to commemorate the campaign."

Twining continued, "We all got a good laugh out of that."

A popular idiom of the time — "Let George do it!" — had become the division's unofficial motto, according to the Marine Corps University Press. The phrase meant to leave an undesirable task for another. By the end of the Guadalcanal campaign, every Marine — 1st Division or not — had become "George."

As a result, the men christened it as the "George Medal."

The men roped in Capt. Martin Clemens, a Cambridge-educated British military officer and coastwatcher on Guadalcanal, to translate their title into Latin for an added touch of class. The loose translation of "Faciat Georgius" adorned the medal.

In addition to Clemens, Capt. Donald Dickson, an adjutant of the 5th Marines who would later become a well-known illustrator and editor for Leatherneck magazine, sketched up the design.

Dark humor, the bedrock on which the military — and in particular the Marines — stands, was on full display.

On the front, an outstretched hand, presumably a U.S. Navy admiral, drops a "hot potato" as a scrambling Marine runs with his arms outstretched to receive it. A large Saguaro cactus looms to the left, a nod to the codename "Cactus" for the island of Guadalcanal.

The reverse side requires less deciphering. It is, as Owen Linlithgow writes for the Marine Corps University Press, "less subtle and more scatological in nature."

"Original suggestions for a depiction of a Japanese soldier relieving himself, strategically placed near a large running office fan, were eventually overruled in favor of a more conservative cow exercising the same bodily action," Linlithgow continued.

The formal, sardonic inscription reads: "In fond remembrance of the happy days spent from Aug. 7th, 1942, to Jan. 5th, 1943 – U.S.M.C."

The George is cast When the 1st Marine Division arrived in Melbourne, Australia, in January 1943, for rest and recuperation, the men set out to make "Faciat Georgius" a reality. Lt. Herbert C. Merillat, the division's press officer, was thwarted on the first try after a local manufacturer turned him away due to fears of repercussions for casting an award that was not official.

In a previously unpublished letter to the 1st Marine Division Association written in 1974, Cpl. Vernon C. Stimpel provided further details as to how the medal was cast.

According to Stimpel, who was the division's intelligence section clerk, he took the concept of the medal to a small engraving shop near Little Collins Street in Melbourne.

There, the engravers created a crude sand cast mold with Stimpel donating his own "herringbone twill utility uniform to be cut apart and serve as the source for the first run of the medals' ribbons."

In the letter, he recalled that 100 awards were to be cast. Stimpel himself owned medal number 45 of 100. The ribbon, according to the lore, would only be legitimate if it had been washed in the muddy waters of the Lunga or Matanikau rivers on Guadalcanal.

According to the Marine Corps University Press, "the distinctive stripes of a Navy admiral were clearly seen on the sleeve of the arm on the medal's front," but as word spread among Guadalcanal veterans and the demand grew, "a second run of 400 awards were made by the same engraving shop. Over time, each subsequent casting began to lose the original detail of the first batch, with small details such as the admiral's sleeve markings becoming less prominent. This later contract also forfeited the traditional metal pin and clasp; they were presented with a comically oversized laundry bag safety pin instead."

In addition to the medal, a deliberately sarcastic certificate accompanied each award, noting that the Marine had been there when "s--- hit the fan."

To read the complete article, see:
The medal created by Marines when ‘s--- hit the fan' on Guadalcanal (https://www.militarytimes.com/veterans/military-history/2025/09/12/the-medal-created-by-marines-when-s-hit-the-fan-on-guadalcanal/)

Only a few hundred of these medals were struck during the war. Today, The National WWII Museum holds just one example, a rare piece of material culture that illustrates how Marines endured one of the Pacific war's most brutal campaigns through gallows humor born of shared suffering.

Guadalcanal became central to the 1st Marine Division's identity. Every shoulder sleeve patch worn thereafter bore the island's name. In the veterans' reunions and memoirs, Guadalcanal loomed large. And so did the George Medal. It became a badge of solidarity, physical proof of passage through an unimaginable crucible that few outsiders could understand. The campaign marked the first major Allied victory against Japan, kicking off the bloody campaign across the Pacific, but it came at a steep cost. More than 1,600 Americans died, and thousands more were wounded. For many, the psychological scars of the campaign lasted a lifetime.

There are medals for valor, for wounds sustained in combat, and for meritorious service. But the George Medal is one-of-a-kind. It's for the late-night shelling, the maggot-infested rice, the fever dreams and foxhole prayers. For those who made it off "the Rock," and the ones who didn't. It is a keepsake that says, "You survived Hell. Here is something for that."

The George Medal may not be regulation, but for those that received it, it is as real and as earned as any decoration Uncle Sam ever struck in bronze.

To read the complete article, see:
‘Let George Do It': A Marine's Medal from Guadalcanal (https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/let-george-do-it-marines-medal-guadalcanal)

WEST POINT CANCELS HANKS' THAYER MEDAL

The alumni association at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point has canceled an award ceremony for actor and veterans advocate Tom Hanks, citing a desire for the Army service academy to focus on preparing future officers for war after several political controversies involving the Trump administration shook the institution this year.

Retired Army Col. Mark Bieger, president and chief executive officer of the West Point Association of Graduates, disclosed the decision in an email to faculty circulated Friday. A copy of Bieger's message was reviewed and verified by The Washington Post.

Hanks, 69, was to receive the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award, which recognizes an "outstanding citizen" who did not attend West Point and has a distinguished record of service that exemplifies the academy's ideals: "Duty, Honor, Country." A ceremony and parade were scheduled for Sept. 25.

Bieger wrote that the alumni association, in coordination with the academy, "will not be holding the Thayer Award ceremony" as originally scheduled and apologized for the cancellation. The email did not say whether Hanks's award has been revoked or if it will be presented in some other format.

The decision marks a dramatic shift from June, when the association announced Hanks as its 2025 Thayer recipient. The alumni group cited his work acting in several movies portraying U.S. service members, including "Saving Private Ryan," "Forrest Gump" and "Greyhound." It also credited his producing of "Band of Brothers" and "The Pacific," both World War II-themed miniseries, and his extensive advocacy for veterans.

Hanks, the announcement noted, was a leading proponent for creation of the World War II Memorial in D.C.; supported efforts to build a national memorial for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, a celebrated Army general before entering politics; and served as national chairman for a massive fundraising campaign to establish what is now the National WWII Museum in New Orleans.

"Tom Hanks has done more for the positive portrayal of the American service member, more for the caring of the American veteran, their caregivers and their family, and more for the American space program and all branches of government than many other Americans," Robert McDonald, a former secretary of veterans affairs and the alumni association's board chairman, said in the June announcement.

Hanks, in the same announcement, called it "humbling and meaningful" to be recognized by the institution. Other recipients have included presidents, defense secretaries, diplomats, senators and journalists.

But the planned celebration appears to have run headlong into Trump-era politics.

Hanks received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his acting and advocacy from President Barack Obama in 2016. He also has poked fun at Trump supporters while portraying one in "Saturday Night Live" skits, once in 2016 and again in 2025.

To read the complete article, see:
West Point alumni group cancels award ceremony for Tom Hanks (https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/09/06/tom-hanks-west-point/)

See also:
Tom Hanks Set to Receive Prestigious Thayer Award This Fall at West Point (https://wpdh.com/tom-hanks-receive-award-west-point/)
Trump weighs in after West Point Alumni group reportedly cancels Tom Hanks awards ceremony (https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2025/09/08/trump-tom-hanks-award-cancellation-west-point-alumni-group/86040618007/)

WWI PURPLE HEART MEDAL REUNITED WITH FAMILY

"I was asked last week by a lot of people, 'Why does this matter?' and 'Why are we putting so much work into trying to return these medals?'" she said. "These people were willing to give it all on behalf of all the rest of us here in this country. That kind of sacrifice deserves honor, it deserves respect and it deserves to be passed down through the generations."

Long thought to have been stolen, the Purple Heart medal that Worcester native Thomas Flynn was awarded for his World War I service was returned to his family at the State House Tuesday, Sept. 9, the latest reunification arranged by Treasurer Deborah Goldberg's Unclaimed Property Division.

The medal landed with the Unclaimed Property Division decades ago. It had been inside a safe deposit box under the name of Flynn's wife, Mary, who died in 1992. When the contents went unclaimed, the state took custody.

Unclaimed Property Division Director of Publication and External Relations Christina Lambert recently embarked on a quest to identify the rightful owners or heirs of six Purple Heart medals and other military honors that the state was hanging onto and that investigation led her to Mary Brigham, Flynn's daughter, who is nearing 90 years old and still lives in Worcester. Mary Brigham's son, Thomas Brigham, accepted the medal from Goldberg on behalf of his mother Tuesday, Sept. 9.

Goldberg said being able to return Flynn's Purple Heart to his family, "literally, it brings tears to my eyes and sort of chills.

"I was asked last week by a lot of people, 'Why does this matter?' and 'Why are we putting so much work into trying to return these medals?'" she said. "These people were willing to give it all on behalf of all the rest of us here in this country. That kind of sacrifice deserves honor, it deserves respect and it deserves to be passed down through the generations."

Flynn was a member of the Massachusetts National Guard, a sergeant in Company G with the 101st Infantry during World War I. Born Aug. 27, 1896, Flynn was living on Grove Street in Worcester and working as a plumber's assistant on Park Avenue when he enlisted in the National Guard Feb. 3, 1916, for a term of three years, according to research from military archivist Keith Vezeau in the secretary of state's office.

Back to civilian life, Flynn went to work as a Worcester firefighter and was involved with St. Peter's Church in the Main South neighborhood, his grandson said. He died in 1976, but seldom talked about his service in World War I or his Purple Heart award.

"Never talked about his being gassed in France and being in the trenches — as if that's just what they did. That was what was expected of them. So that's one aspect you'd like to learn more about, what it really was. I know he was gassed, mustard gas I believe, maybe shot as well. So I wish we knew more."

To read the complete article, see:
Purple Heart medal, long thought stolen, returned to family of WWI veteran from Worcester (https://www.telegram.com/story/news/local/2025/09/09/purple-heart-medal-returned/86066312007/)

LOOSE CHANGE: SEPTEMBER 14, 2025

17th Century Coin Hoard Found in Poland

A remarkable discovery was made near the village of Zewierszczów in the Lublin Voivodeship of Poland, when a local metal detectorist came across a hoard of thousands of mid-17th-century coins.

The find was uncovered by Grzegorz Panek, a member of the Hrubieszów Historical–Exploration Association "GROSSUS," who has been engaged for years in official searches for objects of historical value under conservation permits. In the process of investigating a strong signal from his detector, Panek unearthed several copper coins near the surface. What at first appeared to be scattered pieces soon revealed itself as part of a very large hoard. Additional coins poured out of the ground as he dug, eventually totaling some 5,000 specimens by estimation.

Preliminary analysis suggests that most of the hoard dates from the years 1650–1657, during the reign of King Jan II Kazimierz. Most of the copper coins are so-called "boratynki," small-denomination currency minted in huge numbers for both the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They are named for Tito Livio Burattini, the royal official who organized their minting. Although modest in value in their time and still common among collectors today, the quantity of the find gives researchers a rare window into the circulation of everyday currency in early modern Poland.

To read the complete article, see:
Large 17th-century coin hoard unearthed in eastern Poland (https://archaeologymag.com/2025/09/17th-century-coin-hoard-eastern-poland/)

Art Vending Machines

A small red vending machine, tucked away in a corner of the United States Botanic Garden's gift shop, captivated passersby on a recent humid Sunday afternoon.

Two young women stood in front, plopped two tokens into a metal belt, pressed a lever, and watched as a credit-card-sized piece of cardboard slid out. They opened it and found a slip of paper with an illustration of a black swallowtail butterfly. Then they repeated, the second time discovering a print of tomatoes.

One of the women, 21-year-old Emily Wartel, said the machine reminded her of 25-cent pencil dispensers in her elementary school.

The art vending machine inside the botanic garden is one of hundreds that have popped up across the country over the last few years, as young people search for inexpensive ways to buy and sell original pieces of art. Art vending machines aren't a new concept – they've been around for decades. But with the help of social media, they've begun to captivate a new audience.

To read the complete article, see:
These viral vending machine's dispense tiny pieces of joy (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/09/06/viral-art-vending-machines/85855577007/)

Felix Schlag Grave Marker

Sculptor. He is best remembered as the designer of the US Jefferson nickel that was circulated from 1938 through 2003. Born in Frankfurt, Germany exhibited a great talent for the arts and had become quite experienced throughout his childhood, winning many art competitions and contests in Europe. When World War I broke out in Europe in July 1914 he served in the German Army. After the war he worked as medalist, sculptor, and designer.

In 1929 he and his family immigrated to the US and he obtained a job with General Motors, where he actually designed and stylized classic automobiles. In the 1930s he moved to Chicago, Illinois where he was commissioned to work on designing sculptures in prominent public locations inside the city.

In early 1938 the Treasury Department announced that it was holding a public competition to design the new US nickel. The rules of the coin design competition stated that the new nickel would have an obverse that depicted a portrait of the 3rd US President Thomas Jefferson, while the reverse would be required to depict Monticello, his Virginia home. He was one of nearly 400 contestants who submitted their designs to the Treasury and in April 1938, his initial design was chosen by Nellie Tayloe Ross, the first female Director of the US Mint, along with the contest judges, and he won the $1,000 award. After modifying his original design, it was accepted in July 1938 and the following November, the first Jefferson nickels were placed into circulation. That same year he became a US citizen. During World War II he relocated to Owosso, Michigan where he operated a photography studio.

To read the complete article, see:
Felix Oscar Schlag (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9987466/felix-oscar-schlag)

ABOUT THIS ISSUE: SEPTEMBER 14, 2025

Wayne Homren
Wayne Homren is the founding editor of The E-Sylum and a consultant for the Newman Numismatic Portal. His collecting interests at various times included U.S. Encased Postage Stamps, merchant counterstamps, Pittsburgh Obsolete paper money, Civil War tokens and scrip, Carnegie Hero Medals, charge coins and numismatic literature. He also collects and has given presentations on the work of Money Artist J.S.G. Boggs. In the non-numismatic world he's worked in artificial intelligence, data science, and as a Program Manager for the U.S. Department of Defense.

Garrett Ziss
Garrett Ziss is a numismatic collector and researcher, with a focus on American paper money and early U.S. silver and copper coins. He is also a part-time U.S. coin cataloger for Heritage Auctions. Garrett assists Editor Wayne Homren by editing and formatting a selection of articles and images each week. When he's not engaged in numismatics, Garrett is pursuing a Master's Degree in Quantitative Economics at the University of Pittsburgh.

Pete Smith
Numismatic researcher and author Pete Smith of Minnesota has written about early American coppers, Vermont coinage, numismatic literature, tokens and medals, the history of the U.S. Mint and much more. Author of American Numismatic Biographies, he contributes original articles to The E-Sylum often highlighting interesting figures in American numismatic history.

Greg Bennick
Greg Bennick (www.gregbennick.com) is a keynote speaker and long time coin collector with a focus on major mint error coins and US counterstamps. He is on the board of both CONECA and TAMS and enjoys having in-depth conversations with prominent numismatists from all areas of the hobby. Have ideas for other interviewees? Contact him anytime on the web or via instagram @minterrors.

John Nebel
Numismatist, photographer, and ANS Board member and Fellow John Nebel of Boulder, CO helped the ANA and other clubs like NBS get online in the early days of the internet, hosting websites gratis through his Computer Systems Design Co. To this day he hosts some 50 ANA member club sites along with our coinbooks.org site, making the club and our E-Sylum archive available to collectors and researchers worldwide.

Bruce Perdue
Encased coinage collector (encasedcoins.info) Bruce Perdue of Aurora, Illinois has been the volunteer NBS webmaster from its early days and works each week to add the latest E-Sylum issue to our archive and send out the email announcement.